The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types
African swine fever (ASF) has become a global threat to the pig industry and wild suids. Within Europe, including Germany, affected wild boar populations play a major role. Fencing and carcass removal in combination with the reduction in environmental contamination are key to control further spread....
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2173 |
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| author | Franziska Tanneberger Ahmed Abd El Wahed Melina Fischer Sandra Blome Uwe Truyen |
| author_facet | Franziska Tanneberger Ahmed Abd El Wahed Melina Fischer Sandra Blome Uwe Truyen |
| author_sort | Franziska Tanneberger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | African swine fever (ASF) has become a global threat to the pig industry and wild suids. Within Europe, including Germany, affected wild boar populations play a major role. Fencing and carcass removal in combination with the reduction in environmental contamination are key to control further spread. The handling of the ASF virus (ASFV) is restricted to high-containment conditions in Germany. According to the regulation of the German Veterinarian Society (DVG), modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MVAV) is the virus of choice to determine the efficacy of disinfection for enveloped viruses. The aim of this study was to use the MVAV as a guide to select the best possible disinfectant solution and concentration for the inactivation of ASFV in soil. Both viruses were tested simultaneously. In this study, two layers (top and mineral soil) of soil types from six different locations in Saxony, Germany, were collected. The tenacity of ASFV and MVAV were tested at various time points (0.5 to 72 h). The capabilities of different concentrations of peracetic acid and citric acid (approx. 0.1 to 2%) to inactivate the viruses in the selected soil types with spiked high protein load were examined under appropriate containment conditions. Around 2–3 Log<sub>10</sub> (TCID<sub>50</sub>) levels of reduction in the infectivity of both ASFV and MVAV were observed in all soil types starting after two hours. For MVAV, a 4 Log<sub>10</sub> loss was recorded after 72 h. A total of 0.1% of peracetic acid (5 L/m<sup>2</sup>) was sufficient to inactivate the viruses. A 4 log<sub>10</sub> reduction in the infectivity of MVAV was noticed by applying 1% citric acid, while a 2 log<sub>10</sub> decline was recorded with ASFV. In conclusion, comparing MVAV to ASFV for efficacy screening of disinfectant solutions has revealed many similarities. Peracetic acid reduced the infectivity of both viruses independently of the soil type and the existence of a high organic soiling. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:59:41Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:59:41Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-f2e3720a1b654ef1b44620ded0e2ba212023-11-23T01:56:06ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-10-011311217310.3390/v13112173The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil TypesFranziska Tanneberger0Ahmed Abd El Wahed1Melina Fischer2Sandra Blome3Uwe Truyen4Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyInstitute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyInstitute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyInstitute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyInstitute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyAfrican swine fever (ASF) has become a global threat to the pig industry and wild suids. Within Europe, including Germany, affected wild boar populations play a major role. Fencing and carcass removal in combination with the reduction in environmental contamination are key to control further spread. The handling of the ASF virus (ASFV) is restricted to high-containment conditions in Germany. According to the regulation of the German Veterinarian Society (DVG), modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MVAV) is the virus of choice to determine the efficacy of disinfection for enveloped viruses. The aim of this study was to use the MVAV as a guide to select the best possible disinfectant solution and concentration for the inactivation of ASFV in soil. Both viruses were tested simultaneously. In this study, two layers (top and mineral soil) of soil types from six different locations in Saxony, Germany, were collected. The tenacity of ASFV and MVAV were tested at various time points (0.5 to 72 h). The capabilities of different concentrations of peracetic acid and citric acid (approx. 0.1 to 2%) to inactivate the viruses in the selected soil types with spiked high protein load were examined under appropriate containment conditions. Around 2–3 Log<sub>10</sub> (TCID<sub>50</sub>) levels of reduction in the infectivity of both ASFV and MVAV were observed in all soil types starting after two hours. For MVAV, a 4 Log<sub>10</sub> loss was recorded after 72 h. A total of 0.1% of peracetic acid (5 L/m<sup>2</sup>) was sufficient to inactivate the viruses. A 4 log<sub>10</sub> reduction in the infectivity of MVAV was noticed by applying 1% citric acid, while a 2 log<sub>10</sub> decline was recorded with ASFV. In conclusion, comparing MVAV to ASFV for efficacy screening of disinfectant solutions has revealed many similarities. Peracetic acid reduced the infectivity of both viruses independently of the soil type and the existence of a high organic soiling.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2173African swine fever virusmodified vaccinia Ankara virussoildisinfectant |
| spellingShingle | Franziska Tanneberger Ahmed Abd El Wahed Melina Fischer Sandra Blome Uwe Truyen The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types Viruses African swine fever virus modified vaccinia Ankara virus soil disinfectant |
| title | The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types |
| title_full | The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types |
| title_fullStr | The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types |
| title_short | The Efficacy of Disinfection on Modified Vaccinia Ankara and African Swine Fever Virus in Various Forest Soil Types |
| title_sort | efficacy of disinfection on modified vaccinia ankara and african swine fever virus in various forest soil types |
| topic | African swine fever virus modified vaccinia Ankara virus soil disinfectant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2173 |
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