Antimicrobial effects of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) essential oil against canine skin infection pathogens
Background and Aim: Catnip essential oils have antimicrobial effects against bacteria, yeast, and fungi; however, there is limited information regarding their antimicrobial activity against pathogens that cause canine skin infections. This study aimed to identify the phytochemical constituents of ca...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Veterinary World
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Veterinary World |
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| Online Access: | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.17/March-2024/10.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797267290086965248 |
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| author | Glenn Neville Borlace Ranee Singh Supawadee Seubsasana Pranom Chantaranothai Eakachai Thongkham Jareerat Aiemsaard |
| author_facet | Glenn Neville Borlace Ranee Singh Supawadee Seubsasana Pranom Chantaranothai Eakachai Thongkham Jareerat Aiemsaard |
| author_sort | Glenn Neville Borlace |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Catnip essential oils have antimicrobial effects against bacteria, yeast, and fungi; however, there is limited information regarding their antimicrobial activity against pathogens that cause canine skin infections. This study aimed to identify the phytochemical constituents of catnip essential oil and assay its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Malassezia pachydermatis, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum gallinae, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
Materials and Methods: Catnip essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and its chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In vitro antimicrobial activity was investigated using broth microdilution and time-kill tests. To evaluate the effect of catnip essential oil on microbial morphology and cell membrane integrity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and leakage studies were conducted.
Results: GC–MS analysis revealed that the principal components of catnip essential oil were cis- and trans-nepetalactone (57.09% of peak area), trans-, cis-nepetalactone (39.69% of peak area), trans-caryophyllene (1.88% of peak area), and caryophyllene oxide (1.34% of peak area). The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and minimum fungicidal concentration values determined by broth microdilution ranged from 0.0625 mg/mL to 4.0 mg/ mL. Time-kill testing showed that the germicidal effects of catnip essential oil were time and concentration-dependent, respectively. Environmental SEM and cell leakage analysis indicated that catnip essential oil disrupted the integrity of cell membranes in the tested microorganisms.
Conclusion: Catnip essential oil has potential as an alternative antimicrobial against a wide range of canine skin infection pathogens, including S. pseudintermedius, M. pachydermatis, Mi. canis, Mi. gypseum, Mi. gallinae, and T. mentagrophytes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:14:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3003204d26347599d43ee3f2c8e2fdf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:14:14Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3003204d26347599d43ee3f2c8e2fdf2024-03-10T04:45:01ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162024-03-0117358559210.14202/vetworld.2024.585-592Antimicrobial effects of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) essential oil against canine skin infection pathogensGlenn Neville Borlace0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3047-1052Ranee Singh1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2944-2561Supawadee Seubsasana2Pranom Chantaranothai3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5065-6169Eakachai Thongkham4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-1522Jareerat Aiemsaard5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0645-1585Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Background and Aim: Catnip essential oils have antimicrobial effects against bacteria, yeast, and fungi; however, there is limited information regarding their antimicrobial activity against pathogens that cause canine skin infections. This study aimed to identify the phytochemical constituents of catnip essential oil and assay its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Malassezia pachydermatis, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum gallinae, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Materials and Methods: Catnip essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and its chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In vitro antimicrobial activity was investigated using broth microdilution and time-kill tests. To evaluate the effect of catnip essential oil on microbial morphology and cell membrane integrity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and leakage studies were conducted. Results: GC–MS analysis revealed that the principal components of catnip essential oil were cis- and trans-nepetalactone (57.09% of peak area), trans-, cis-nepetalactone (39.69% of peak area), trans-caryophyllene (1.88% of peak area), and caryophyllene oxide (1.34% of peak area). The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and minimum fungicidal concentration values determined by broth microdilution ranged from 0.0625 mg/mL to 4.0 mg/ mL. Time-kill testing showed that the germicidal effects of catnip essential oil were time and concentration-dependent, respectively. Environmental SEM and cell leakage analysis indicated that catnip essential oil disrupted the integrity of cell membranes in the tested microorganisms. Conclusion: Catnip essential oil has potential as an alternative antimicrobial against a wide range of canine skin infection pathogens, including S. pseudintermedius, M. pachydermatis, Mi. canis, Mi. gypseum, Mi. gallinae, and T. mentagrophytes.https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.17/March-2024/10.pdfantimicrobial activitycanine dermatitiscatnipnepeta cataria |
| spellingShingle | Glenn Neville Borlace Ranee Singh Supawadee Seubsasana Pranom Chantaranothai Eakachai Thongkham Jareerat Aiemsaard Antimicrobial effects of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) essential oil against canine skin infection pathogens Veterinary World antimicrobial activity canine dermatitis catnip nepeta cataria |
| title | Antimicrobial effects of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) essential oil against canine skin infection pathogens |
| title_full | Antimicrobial effects of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) essential oil against canine skin infection pathogens |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial effects of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) essential oil against canine skin infection pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial effects of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) essential oil against canine skin infection pathogens |
| title_short | Antimicrobial effects of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) essential oil against canine skin infection pathogens |
| title_sort | antimicrobial effects of catnip nepeta cataria l essential oil against canine skin infection pathogens |
| topic | antimicrobial activity canine dermatitis catnip nepeta cataria |
| url | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.17/March-2024/10.pdf |
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