Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Transmission: A Comparison of Incriminated Vectors
Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a viral disease of veterinary importance, enzootic in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. In the U.S., VS produces devastating economic losses, particularly in the southwestern states where the outbreaks display an occurrence pattern of 10-year intervals. T...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Insects |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/9/4/190 |
| _version_ | 1819091875112419328 |
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| author | Paula Rozo-Lopez Barbara S. Drolet Berlin Londoño-Renteria |
| author_facet | Paula Rozo-Lopez Barbara S. Drolet Berlin Londoño-Renteria |
| author_sort | Paula Rozo-Lopez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a viral disease of veterinary importance, enzootic in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. In the U.S., VS produces devastating economic losses, particularly in the southwestern states where the outbreaks display an occurrence pattern of 10-year intervals. To date, the mechanisms of the geographic spread and maintenance cycles during epizootics remain unclear. This is due, in part, to the fact that VS epidemiology has a complex of variables to consider, including a broad range of vertebrate hosts, multiple routes of transmission, and an extensive diversity of suspected vector species acting as both mechanical and biological vectors. Infection and viral progression within vector species are highly influenced by virus serotype, as well as environmental factors, including temperature and seasonality; however, the mechanisms of viral transmission, including non-conventional pathways, are yet to be fully studied. Here, we review VS epidemiology and transmission mechanisms, with comparisons of transmission evidence for the four most incriminated hematophagous dipteran taxa: <i>Aedes</i> mosquitoes, <i>Lutzomyia</i> sand flies, <i>Simulium</i> black flies, and <i>Culicoides</i> biting midges. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:46:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f30d8ff2bb1c48bcbb5fa740d660c4d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:46:40Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-f30d8ff2bb1c48bcbb5fa740d660c4d92022-12-21T18:47:41ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502018-12-019419010.3390/insects9040190insects9040190Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Transmission: A Comparison of Incriminated VectorsPaula Rozo-Lopez0Barbara S. Drolet1Berlin Londoño-Renteria2Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502, USADepartment of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USAVesicular stomatitis (VS) is a viral disease of veterinary importance, enzootic in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. In the U.S., VS produces devastating economic losses, particularly in the southwestern states where the outbreaks display an occurrence pattern of 10-year intervals. To date, the mechanisms of the geographic spread and maintenance cycles during epizootics remain unclear. This is due, in part, to the fact that VS epidemiology has a complex of variables to consider, including a broad range of vertebrate hosts, multiple routes of transmission, and an extensive diversity of suspected vector species acting as both mechanical and biological vectors. Infection and viral progression within vector species are highly influenced by virus serotype, as well as environmental factors, including temperature and seasonality; however, the mechanisms of viral transmission, including non-conventional pathways, are yet to be fully studied. Here, we review VS epidemiology and transmission mechanisms, with comparisons of transmission evidence for the four most incriminated hematophagous dipteran taxa: <i>Aedes</i> mosquitoes, <i>Lutzomyia</i> sand flies, <i>Simulium</i> black flies, and <i>Culicoides</i> biting midges.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/9/4/190vesicular stomatitis virusvectortransmissionmosquitosand flyblack fly<i>Culicoides</i> midges |
| spellingShingle | Paula Rozo-Lopez Barbara S. Drolet Berlin Londoño-Renteria Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Transmission: A Comparison of Incriminated Vectors Insects vesicular stomatitis virus vector transmission mosquito sand fly black fly <i>Culicoides</i> midges |
| title | Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Transmission: A Comparison of Incriminated Vectors |
| title_full | Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Transmission: A Comparison of Incriminated Vectors |
| title_fullStr | Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Transmission: A Comparison of Incriminated Vectors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Transmission: A Comparison of Incriminated Vectors |
| title_short | Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Transmission: A Comparison of Incriminated Vectors |
| title_sort | vesicular stomatitis virus transmission a comparison of incriminated vectors |
| topic | vesicular stomatitis virus vector transmission mosquito sand fly black fly <i>Culicoides</i> midges |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/9/4/190 |
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