Dispersive Membrane Microextraction of Substituted Phenols from Honey Samples and a Brief Outlook on Its Sustainability Using Analytical Eco-Scale and Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach
Honey is part and parcel of our daily nutrition, but in recent times it has been reported to be tainted by the presence of polar substituted phenols purported from the use of pesticides, herbicides, antimicrobial agents, etc. Honey’s viscous nature and matrix complexity often result in analytical ch...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/7/649 |
| _version_ | 1797417118849826816 |
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| author | Kumuthini Chandrasekaram Yatimah Alias Sharifah Mohamad |
| author_facet | Kumuthini Chandrasekaram Yatimah Alias Sharifah Mohamad |
| author_sort | Kumuthini Chandrasekaram |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Honey is part and parcel of our daily nutrition, but in recent times it has been reported to be tainted by the presence of polar substituted phenols purported from the use of pesticides, herbicides, antimicrobial agents, etc. Honey’s viscous nature and matrix complexity often result in analytical chemists resorting to derivatization for the detection of polar analytes such as substituted phenols. This study aims to overcome the matrix effect without derivatization and offer a more sustainable solution with notable sensitivity and selectivity using dispersive membrane microextraction alongside high-performance liquid chromatography (DMME–HPLC) with sporopollenin–methylimidazolium-based mixed matrix membrane (Sp–MIM-MMM). The DMME–HPLC approach successfully determined the presence of mono- and disubstituted phenols from unspiked honey samples with concentrations ranging from 7.8 to 154.7 ng/mL. The sustainability of the proposed method was also validated using the Analytical Eco-Scale (AES) and the Analytical GREEnness Metric (AGREE) where an excellent score of 94 and the encouraging score of 0.72 were recorded, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:14:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f31905cac77d4d859d6c519ddea4e951 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:14:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-f31905cac77d4d859d6c519ddea4e9512023-12-03T11:55:14ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752022-06-0112764910.3390/membranes12070649Dispersive Membrane Microextraction of Substituted Phenols from Honey Samples and a Brief Outlook on Its Sustainability Using Analytical Eco-Scale and Analytical GREEnness Metric ApproachKumuthini Chandrasekaram0Yatimah Alias1Sharifah Mohamad2University Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaUniversity Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaUniversity Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaHoney is part and parcel of our daily nutrition, but in recent times it has been reported to be tainted by the presence of polar substituted phenols purported from the use of pesticides, herbicides, antimicrobial agents, etc. Honey’s viscous nature and matrix complexity often result in analytical chemists resorting to derivatization for the detection of polar analytes such as substituted phenols. This study aims to overcome the matrix effect without derivatization and offer a more sustainable solution with notable sensitivity and selectivity using dispersive membrane microextraction alongside high-performance liquid chromatography (DMME–HPLC) with sporopollenin–methylimidazolium-based mixed matrix membrane (Sp–MIM-MMM). The DMME–HPLC approach successfully determined the presence of mono- and disubstituted phenols from unspiked honey samples with concentrations ranging from 7.8 to 154.7 ng/mL. The sustainability of the proposed method was also validated using the Analytical Eco-Scale (AES) and the Analytical GREEnness Metric (AGREE) where an excellent score of 94 and the encouraging score of 0.72 were recorded, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/7/649dispersive membrane microextractionmixed matrix membranehoneyAnalytical Eco-ScaleAnalytical GREEnness Metric |
| spellingShingle | Kumuthini Chandrasekaram Yatimah Alias Sharifah Mohamad Dispersive Membrane Microextraction of Substituted Phenols from Honey Samples and a Brief Outlook on Its Sustainability Using Analytical Eco-Scale and Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach Membranes dispersive membrane microextraction mixed matrix membrane honey Analytical Eco-Scale Analytical GREEnness Metric |
| title | Dispersive Membrane Microextraction of Substituted Phenols from Honey Samples and a Brief Outlook on Its Sustainability Using Analytical Eco-Scale and Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach |
| title_full | Dispersive Membrane Microextraction of Substituted Phenols from Honey Samples and a Brief Outlook on Its Sustainability Using Analytical Eco-Scale and Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach |
| title_fullStr | Dispersive Membrane Microextraction of Substituted Phenols from Honey Samples and a Brief Outlook on Its Sustainability Using Analytical Eco-Scale and Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dispersive Membrane Microextraction of Substituted Phenols from Honey Samples and a Brief Outlook on Its Sustainability Using Analytical Eco-Scale and Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach |
| title_short | Dispersive Membrane Microextraction of Substituted Phenols from Honey Samples and a Brief Outlook on Its Sustainability Using Analytical Eco-Scale and Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach |
| title_sort | dispersive membrane microextraction of substituted phenols from honey samples and a brief outlook on its sustainability using analytical eco scale and analytical greenness metric approach |
| topic | dispersive membrane microextraction mixed matrix membrane honey Analytical Eco-Scale Analytical GREEnness Metric |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/7/649 |
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