Recognized and Potentially New Biomarkers—Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Disease
Atherosclerosis and its consequences are the leading cause of mortality in the world. For this reason, we have reviewed atherosclerosis biomarkers and selected the most promising ones for review. We focused mainly on biomarkers related to inflammation and oxidative stress, such as the highly sensiti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/7/701 |
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| author | Weronika Bargieł Katarzyna Cierpiszewska Klara Maruszczak Anna Pakuła Dominika Szwankowska Aleksandra Wrzesińska Łukasz Gutowski Dorota Formanowicz |
| author_facet | Weronika Bargieł Katarzyna Cierpiszewska Klara Maruszczak Anna Pakuła Dominika Szwankowska Aleksandra Wrzesińska Łukasz Gutowski Dorota Formanowicz |
| author_sort | Weronika Bargieł |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atherosclerosis and its consequences are the leading cause of mortality in the world. For this reason, we have reviewed atherosclerosis biomarkers and selected the most promising ones for review. We focused mainly on biomarkers related to inflammation and oxidative stress, such as the highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). The microRNA (miRNA) and the usefulness of the bone mineralization, glucose, and lipid metabolism marker osteocalcin (OC) were also reviewed. The last biomarker we considered was angiogenin (ANG). Our review shows that due to the multifactorial nature of atherosclerosis, no single marker is known so far, the determination of which would unambiguously assess the severity of atherosclerosis and help without any doubt in the prognosis of cardiovascular risk. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:32:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f31bdd0b93ec434d90bbd120d0bb9b0c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:32:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-f31bdd0b93ec434d90bbd120d0bb9b0c2023-11-22T04:21:21ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442021-07-0157770110.3390/medicina57070701Recognized and Potentially New Biomarkers—Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cardiovascular DiseaseWeronika Bargieł0Katarzyna Cierpiszewska1Klara Maruszczak2Anna Pakuła3Dominika Szwankowska4Aleksandra Wrzesińska5Łukasz Gutowski6Dorota Formanowicz7Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, PolandAtherosclerosis and its consequences are the leading cause of mortality in the world. For this reason, we have reviewed atherosclerosis biomarkers and selected the most promising ones for review. We focused mainly on biomarkers related to inflammation and oxidative stress, such as the highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). The microRNA (miRNA) and the usefulness of the bone mineralization, glucose, and lipid metabolism marker osteocalcin (OC) were also reviewed. The last biomarker we considered was angiogenin (ANG). Our review shows that due to the multifactorial nature of atherosclerosis, no single marker is known so far, the determination of which would unambiguously assess the severity of atherosclerosis and help without any doubt in the prognosis of cardiovascular risk.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/7/701atherosclerosisinflammationoxidative stressbiomarkerscardiovascular diseasehsCRP |
| spellingShingle | Weronika Bargieł Katarzyna Cierpiszewska Klara Maruszczak Anna Pakuła Dominika Szwankowska Aleksandra Wrzesińska Łukasz Gutowski Dorota Formanowicz Recognized and Potentially New Biomarkers—Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Disease Medicina atherosclerosis inflammation oxidative stress biomarkers cardiovascular disease hsCRP |
| title | Recognized and Potentially New Biomarkers—Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Disease |
| title_full | Recognized and Potentially New Biomarkers—Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Disease |
| title_fullStr | Recognized and Potentially New Biomarkers—Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recognized and Potentially New Biomarkers—Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Disease |
| title_short | Recognized and Potentially New Biomarkers—Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Disease |
| title_sort | recognized and potentially new biomarkers their role in diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular disease |
| topic | atherosclerosis inflammation oxidative stress biomarkers cardiovascular disease hsCRP |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/7/701 |
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