Transcriptome Analysis of Halotolerant <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> Isolated from Korean Fermented Shrimp
Saeu-jeotgal, a Korean fermented shrimp food, is commonly used as an ingredient for making kimchi and other side dishes. The high salinity of the jeotgal contributes to its flavor and inhibits the growth of food spoilage microorganisms. Interestingly, <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i>...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-02-01
|
| Series: | Foods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/4/524 |
| _version_ | 1797480380669886464 |
|---|---|
| author | Eunhye Jo Sungmin Hwang Jaeho Cha |
| author_facet | Eunhye Jo Sungmin Hwang Jaeho Cha |
| author_sort | Eunhye Jo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Saeu-jeotgal, a Korean fermented shrimp food, is commonly used as an ingredient for making kimchi and other side dishes. The high salinity of the jeotgal contributes to its flavor and inhibits the growth of food spoilage microorganisms. Interestingly, <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> was discovered to be capable of growth even after treatment with 20% NaCl. To elucidate the tolerance mechanism, a genome-wide gene expression of <i>S. saprophyticus</i> against 0%, 10%, and 20% NaCl was investigated by RNA sequencing. A total of 831, 1314, and 1028 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the 0% vs. 10%, 0% vs. 20%, and 10% vs. 20% NaCl comparisons, respectively. The Clusters of Orthologous Groups analysis revealed that the DEGs were involved in amino acid transport and metabolism, transcription, and inorganic ion transport and metabolism. The functional enrichment analysis showed that the expression of the genes encoding mechanosensitive ion channels, sodium/proton antiporters, and betaine/carnitine/choline transporter family proteins was downregulated, whereas the expression of the genes encoding universal stress proteins and enzymes for glutamate, glycine, and alanine synthesis was upregulated. Therefore, these findings suggest that the <i>S. saprophyticus</i> isolated from the saeu-jeotgal utilizes different molecular strategies for halotolerance, with glutamate as the key molecule. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:59:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f31ff5c798704eb8884b8075b431dffa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:59:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-f31ff5c798704eb8884b8075b431dffa2023-11-23T19:53:13ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-02-0111452410.3390/foods11040524Transcriptome Analysis of Halotolerant <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> Isolated from Korean Fermented ShrimpEunhye Jo0Sungmin Hwang1Jaeho Cha2Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaClean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, KoreaDepartment of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaSaeu-jeotgal, a Korean fermented shrimp food, is commonly used as an ingredient for making kimchi and other side dishes. The high salinity of the jeotgal contributes to its flavor and inhibits the growth of food spoilage microorganisms. Interestingly, <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> was discovered to be capable of growth even after treatment with 20% NaCl. To elucidate the tolerance mechanism, a genome-wide gene expression of <i>S. saprophyticus</i> against 0%, 10%, and 20% NaCl was investigated by RNA sequencing. A total of 831, 1314, and 1028 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the 0% vs. 10%, 0% vs. 20%, and 10% vs. 20% NaCl comparisons, respectively. The Clusters of Orthologous Groups analysis revealed that the DEGs were involved in amino acid transport and metabolism, transcription, and inorganic ion transport and metabolism. The functional enrichment analysis showed that the expression of the genes encoding mechanosensitive ion channels, sodium/proton antiporters, and betaine/carnitine/choline transporter family proteins was downregulated, whereas the expression of the genes encoding universal stress proteins and enzymes for glutamate, glycine, and alanine synthesis was upregulated. Therefore, these findings suggest that the <i>S. saprophyticus</i> isolated from the saeu-jeotgal utilizes different molecular strategies for halotolerance, with glutamate as the key molecule.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/4/524<i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i>transcriptomesalt toleranceKorean fermented productjeotgalsaeu-jeotgal |
| spellingShingle | Eunhye Jo Sungmin Hwang Jaeho Cha Transcriptome Analysis of Halotolerant <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> Isolated from Korean Fermented Shrimp Foods <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> transcriptome salt tolerance Korean fermented product jeotgal saeu-jeotgal |
| title | Transcriptome Analysis of Halotolerant <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> Isolated from Korean Fermented Shrimp |
| title_full | Transcriptome Analysis of Halotolerant <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> Isolated from Korean Fermented Shrimp |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptome Analysis of Halotolerant <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> Isolated from Korean Fermented Shrimp |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptome Analysis of Halotolerant <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> Isolated from Korean Fermented Shrimp |
| title_short | Transcriptome Analysis of Halotolerant <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> Isolated from Korean Fermented Shrimp |
| title_sort | transcriptome analysis of halotolerant i staphylococcus saprophyticus i isolated from korean fermented shrimp |
| topic | <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> transcriptome salt tolerance Korean fermented product jeotgal saeu-jeotgal |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/4/524 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT eunhyejo transcriptomeanalysisofhalotolerantistaphylococcussaprophyticusiisolatedfromkoreanfermentedshrimp AT sungminhwang transcriptomeanalysisofhalotolerantistaphylococcussaprophyticusiisolatedfromkoreanfermentedshrimp AT jaehocha transcriptomeanalysisofhalotolerantistaphylococcussaprophyticusiisolatedfromkoreanfermentedshrimp |