Growth, stoichiometry and cell size; temperature and nutrient responses in haptophytes
Temperature and nutrients are key factors affecting the growth, cell size, and physiology of marine phytoplankton. In the ocean, temperature and nutrient availability often co-vary because temperature drives vertical stratification, which further controls nutrient upwelling. This makes it difficult...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2017-09-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/3743.pdf |
| _version_ | 1827611370843013120 |
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| author | Lars Fredrik Skau Tom Andersen Jan-Erik Thrane Dag Olav Hessen |
| author_facet | Lars Fredrik Skau Tom Andersen Jan-Erik Thrane Dag Olav Hessen |
| author_sort | Lars Fredrik Skau |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Temperature and nutrients are key factors affecting the growth, cell size, and physiology of marine phytoplankton. In the ocean, temperature and nutrient availability often co-vary because temperature drives vertical stratification, which further controls nutrient upwelling. This makes it difficult to disentangle the effects of temperature and nutrients on phytoplankton purely from observational studies. In this study, we carried out a factorial experiment crossing two temperatures (13°and 19°C) with two growth regimes (P-limited, semi-continuous batch cultures [“−P”] and nutrient replete batch cultures in turbidostat mode [“+P”]) for three species of common marine haptophytes (Emiliania huxleyi, Chrysochromulina rotalis and Prymnesium polylepis) to address the effects of temperature and nutrient limitation on elemental content and stoichiometry (C:N:P), total RNA, cell size, and growth rate. We found that the main gradient in elemental content and RNA largely was related to nutrient regime and the resulting differences in growth rate and degree of P-limitation, and observed reduced cell volume-specific content of P and RNA (but also N and C in most cases) and higher N:P and C:P in the slow growing −P cultures compared to the fast growing +P cultures. P-limited cells also tended to be larger than nutrient replete cells. Contrary to other recent studies, we found lower N:P and C:P ratios at high temperature. Overall, elemental content and RNA increased with temperature, especially in the nutrient replete cultures. Notably, however, temperature had a weaker–and in some cases a negative–effect on elemental content and RNA under P-limitation. This interaction indicates that the effect of temperature on cellular composition may differ between nutrient replete and nutrient limited conditions, where cellular uptake and storage of excess nutrients may overshadow changes in resource allocation among the non-storage fractions of biomass (e.g. P-rich ribosomes and N-rich proteins). Cell size decreased at high temperature, which is in accordance with general observations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:05:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3383c0d49bb47a0af939a9708dda68a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:05:00Z |
| publishDate | 2017-09-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3383c0d49bb47a0af939a9708dda68a2023-12-03T00:24:42ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592017-09-015e374310.7717/peerj.3743Growth, stoichiometry and cell size; temperature and nutrient responses in haptophytesLars Fredrik Skau0Tom Andersen1Jan-Erik Thrane2Dag Olav Hessen3Department of Bioscience, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Bioscience, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayNorwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Bioscience, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayTemperature and nutrients are key factors affecting the growth, cell size, and physiology of marine phytoplankton. In the ocean, temperature and nutrient availability often co-vary because temperature drives vertical stratification, which further controls nutrient upwelling. This makes it difficult to disentangle the effects of temperature and nutrients on phytoplankton purely from observational studies. In this study, we carried out a factorial experiment crossing two temperatures (13°and 19°C) with two growth regimes (P-limited, semi-continuous batch cultures [“−P”] and nutrient replete batch cultures in turbidostat mode [“+P”]) for three species of common marine haptophytes (Emiliania huxleyi, Chrysochromulina rotalis and Prymnesium polylepis) to address the effects of temperature and nutrient limitation on elemental content and stoichiometry (C:N:P), total RNA, cell size, and growth rate. We found that the main gradient in elemental content and RNA largely was related to nutrient regime and the resulting differences in growth rate and degree of P-limitation, and observed reduced cell volume-specific content of P and RNA (but also N and C in most cases) and higher N:P and C:P in the slow growing −P cultures compared to the fast growing +P cultures. P-limited cells also tended to be larger than nutrient replete cells. Contrary to other recent studies, we found lower N:P and C:P ratios at high temperature. Overall, elemental content and RNA increased with temperature, especially in the nutrient replete cultures. Notably, however, temperature had a weaker–and in some cases a negative–effect on elemental content and RNA under P-limitation. This interaction indicates that the effect of temperature on cellular composition may differ between nutrient replete and nutrient limited conditions, where cellular uptake and storage of excess nutrients may overshadow changes in resource allocation among the non-storage fractions of biomass (e.g. P-rich ribosomes and N-rich proteins). Cell size decreased at high temperature, which is in accordance with general observations.https://peerj.com/articles/3743.pdfPhytoplanktonStoichiometryPhosphorusTemperatureNutrient limitationHaptophytes |
| spellingShingle | Lars Fredrik Skau Tom Andersen Jan-Erik Thrane Dag Olav Hessen Growth, stoichiometry and cell size; temperature and nutrient responses in haptophytes PeerJ Phytoplankton Stoichiometry Phosphorus Temperature Nutrient limitation Haptophytes |
| title | Growth, stoichiometry and cell size; temperature and nutrient responses in haptophytes |
| title_full | Growth, stoichiometry and cell size; temperature and nutrient responses in haptophytes |
| title_fullStr | Growth, stoichiometry and cell size; temperature and nutrient responses in haptophytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Growth, stoichiometry and cell size; temperature and nutrient responses in haptophytes |
| title_short | Growth, stoichiometry and cell size; temperature and nutrient responses in haptophytes |
| title_sort | growth stoichiometry and cell size temperature and nutrient responses in haptophytes |
| topic | Phytoplankton Stoichiometry Phosphorus Temperature Nutrient limitation Haptophytes |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/3743.pdf |
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