| Summary: | Mangroves are intertidal extreme environments with rich microbial communities. <i>Actinobacteria</i> are well known for producing antibiotics. The search for biosynthetic potential of <i>Actinobacteria</i> from mangrove environments could provide more possibilities for useful secondary metabolites. In this study, whole genome sequencing and MS/MS analysis were used to explore the secondary metabolite production potential of one actinobacterial strain of <i>Streptomyces olivaceus</i> sp., isolated from a mangrove in Macau, China. The results showed that a total of 105 gene clusters were found in the genome of <i>S. olivaceus</i> sp., and 53 known secondary metabolites, including bioactive compounds, peptides, and other products, were predicted by genome mining. There were 28 secondary metabolites classified as antibiotics, which were not previously known from <i>S. olivaceus.</i> ISP medium 2 was then used to ferment the <i>S. olivaceus</i> sp. to determine which predicted secondary metabolite could be truly produced. The chemical analysis revealed that ectoine, melanin, and the antibiotic of validamycin A could be observed in the fermentation broth. This was the first observation that these three compounds can be produced by a strain of <i>S. olivaceus</i>. Therefore, it can be concluded that <i>Actinobacteria</i> isolated from the mangrove environment have unknown potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites.
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