Isolation of mixed subtypes of influenza A virus from a bald eagle <it>(Haliaeetus leucocephalus)</it>
<p>Abstract</p> <p>From April 2007 to March 2008, cloacal swabs were obtained from 246 casualty raptors recovered by various wildlife rehabilitation centers in the United States. The swabs were placed in a virus transport medium and transported to the laboratory on ice packs. At th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2010-07-01
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| Series: | Virology Journal |
| Online Access: | http://www.virologyj.com/content/7/1/174 |
| _version_ | 1828420537874907136 |
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| author | Redig Patrick T Ramakrishnan Muthanan A Chander Yogesh Jindal Naresh Goyal Sagar M Sreevatsan Srinand |
| author_facet | Redig Patrick T Ramakrishnan Muthanan A Chander Yogesh Jindal Naresh Goyal Sagar M Sreevatsan Srinand |
| author_sort | Redig Patrick T |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>From April 2007 to March 2008, cloacal swabs were obtained from 246 casualty raptors recovered by various wildlife rehabilitation centers in the United States. The swabs were placed in a virus transport medium and transported to the laboratory on ice packs. At the laboratory, the samples were pooled with each pool consisting of five samples. All pools (n = 50) were screened for the presence of avian influenza virus (AIV) using a real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR); one of the pools was found positive. All five samples in this pool were tested individually by rRT-PCR; one sample from a bald eagle was found positive. This sample was inoculated in embryonated chicken eggs for virus isolation and a hemagglutinating virus was isolated. Complete genome sequencing of the isolate revealed a mixed infection with H1N1 and H2N1 subtypes. Further analysis revealed that the PB1-F2 gene sequence of H1N1 virus had the N66S virulence-associated substitution. Further studies on ecology and epidemiology of AIV in raptors are needed to help understand their role in the maintenance and evolution of AIV.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:14:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3432f7dc93b4f6cb8f96d52f461bb52 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1743-422X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:14:55Z |
| publishDate | 2010-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Virology Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3432f7dc93b4f6cb8f96d52f461bb522022-12-22T01:43:50ZengBMCVirology Journal1743-422X2010-07-017117410.1186/1743-422X-7-174Isolation of mixed subtypes of influenza A virus from a bald eagle <it>(Haliaeetus leucocephalus)</it>Redig Patrick TRamakrishnan Muthanan AChander YogeshJindal NareshGoyal Sagar MSreevatsan Srinand<p>Abstract</p> <p>From April 2007 to March 2008, cloacal swabs were obtained from 246 casualty raptors recovered by various wildlife rehabilitation centers in the United States. The swabs were placed in a virus transport medium and transported to the laboratory on ice packs. At the laboratory, the samples were pooled with each pool consisting of five samples. All pools (n = 50) were screened for the presence of avian influenza virus (AIV) using a real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR); one of the pools was found positive. All five samples in this pool were tested individually by rRT-PCR; one sample from a bald eagle was found positive. This sample was inoculated in embryonated chicken eggs for virus isolation and a hemagglutinating virus was isolated. Complete genome sequencing of the isolate revealed a mixed infection with H1N1 and H2N1 subtypes. Further analysis revealed that the PB1-F2 gene sequence of H1N1 virus had the N66S virulence-associated substitution. Further studies on ecology and epidemiology of AIV in raptors are needed to help understand their role in the maintenance and evolution of AIV.</p>http://www.virologyj.com/content/7/1/174 |
| spellingShingle | Redig Patrick T Ramakrishnan Muthanan A Chander Yogesh Jindal Naresh Goyal Sagar M Sreevatsan Srinand Isolation of mixed subtypes of influenza A virus from a bald eagle <it>(Haliaeetus leucocephalus)</it> Virology Journal |
| title | Isolation of mixed subtypes of influenza A virus from a bald eagle <it>(Haliaeetus leucocephalus)</it> |
| title_full | Isolation of mixed subtypes of influenza A virus from a bald eagle <it>(Haliaeetus leucocephalus)</it> |
| title_fullStr | Isolation of mixed subtypes of influenza A virus from a bald eagle <it>(Haliaeetus leucocephalus)</it> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isolation of mixed subtypes of influenza A virus from a bald eagle <it>(Haliaeetus leucocephalus)</it> |
| title_short | Isolation of mixed subtypes of influenza A virus from a bald eagle <it>(Haliaeetus leucocephalus)</it> |
| title_sort | isolation of mixed subtypes of influenza a virus from a bald eagle it haliaeetus leucocephalus it |
| url | http://www.virologyj.com/content/7/1/174 |
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