Improved estimation of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> injections from satellite retrievals and Lagrangian transport simulations: the 2019 Raikoke eruption
<p>Monitoring and modeling of volcanic plumes are important for understanding the impact of volcanic activity on climate and for practical concerns, such as aviation safety or public health. Here, we apply the Lagrangian transport model Massive-Parallel Trajectory Calculations (MPTRAC) to esti...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/6787/2022/acp-22-6787-2022.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818554727012499456 |
|---|---|
| author | Z. Cai Z. Cai S. Griessbach L. Hoffmann |
| author_facet | Z. Cai Z. Cai S. Griessbach L. Hoffmann |
| author_sort | Z. Cai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Monitoring and modeling of volcanic plumes are important for understanding the impact of volcanic activity on climate and for practical concerns, such as aviation safety or public health. Here, we apply the Lagrangian transport model Massive-Parallel Trajectory Calculations (MPTRAC) to estimate the <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> injections into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere by the eruption of the Raikoke volcano (48.29<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> N, 153.25<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> E) in June 2019 and its subsequent long-range transport and dispersion. First, we used <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> retrievals from the AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) and TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) satellite instruments together with a backward trajectory approach to estimate the altitude-resolved <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> injection time series. Second, we applied a scaling factor to the initial estimate of the <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> mass and added an exponential decay to simulate the time evolution of the total <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> mass. By comparing the estimated <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> mass and the mass from TROPOMI retrievals, we show that the volcano injected 2.1 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 0.2 Tg <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span>, and the <span class="inline-formula"><i>e</i></span>-folding lifetime of the <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> was about 13 to 17 d. The reconstructed <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> injection time series are consistent between using the AIRS nighttime and the TROPOMI daytime products. Further, we compared forward transport simulations that were initialized by AIRS and TROPOMI <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> products with a constant <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> injection rate. The results show that the modeled <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> change, driven by chemical reactions, captures the <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> mass variations from TROPOMI retrievals. In addition, the forward simulations reproduce the <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> distributions in the first <span class="inline-formula">∼10</span> d after the eruption. However, diffusion in the forward simulations is too strong to capture the internal structure of the <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> clouds, which is further quantified in the simulation of the compact <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> cloud from late July to early August. Our study demonstrates the potential of using combined nadir satellite retrievals and Lagrangian transport simulations to further improve <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> time- and height-resolved injection estimates of volcanic eruptions.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T09:43:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3473e27f4c1478eb497c60bf529de37 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T09:43:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3473e27f4c1478eb497c60bf529de372022-12-22T00:28:29ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242022-05-01226787680910.5194/acp-22-6787-2022Improved estimation of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> injections from satellite retrievals and Lagrangian transport simulations: the 2019 Raikoke eruptionZ. Cai0Z. Cai1S. Griessbach2L. Hoffmann3Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, ChinaJülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, GermanyJülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, GermanyJülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany<p>Monitoring and modeling of volcanic plumes are important for understanding the impact of volcanic activity on climate and for practical concerns, such as aviation safety or public health. Here, we apply the Lagrangian transport model Massive-Parallel Trajectory Calculations (MPTRAC) to estimate the <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> injections into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere by the eruption of the Raikoke volcano (48.29<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> N, 153.25<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> E) in June 2019 and its subsequent long-range transport and dispersion. First, we used <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> retrievals from the AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) and TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) satellite instruments together with a backward trajectory approach to estimate the altitude-resolved <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> injection time series. Second, we applied a scaling factor to the initial estimate of the <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> mass and added an exponential decay to simulate the time evolution of the total <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> mass. By comparing the estimated <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> mass and the mass from TROPOMI retrievals, we show that the volcano injected 2.1 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 0.2 Tg <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span>, and the <span class="inline-formula"><i>e</i></span>-folding lifetime of the <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> was about 13 to 17 d. The reconstructed <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> injection time series are consistent between using the AIRS nighttime and the TROPOMI daytime products. Further, we compared forward transport simulations that were initialized by AIRS and TROPOMI <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> products with a constant <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> injection rate. The results show that the modeled <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> change, driven by chemical reactions, captures the <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> mass variations from TROPOMI retrievals. In addition, the forward simulations reproduce the <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> distributions in the first <span class="inline-formula">∼10</span> d after the eruption. However, diffusion in the forward simulations is too strong to capture the internal structure of the <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> clouds, which is further quantified in the simulation of the compact <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> cloud from late July to early August. Our study demonstrates the potential of using combined nadir satellite retrievals and Lagrangian transport simulations to further improve <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> time- and height-resolved injection estimates of volcanic eruptions.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/6787/2022/acp-22-6787-2022.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Z. Cai Z. Cai S. Griessbach L. Hoffmann Improved estimation of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> injections from satellite retrievals and Lagrangian transport simulations: the 2019 Raikoke eruption Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Improved estimation of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> injections from satellite retrievals and Lagrangian transport simulations: the 2019 Raikoke eruption |
| title_full | Improved estimation of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> injections from satellite retrievals and Lagrangian transport simulations: the 2019 Raikoke eruption |
| title_fullStr | Improved estimation of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> injections from satellite retrievals and Lagrangian transport simulations: the 2019 Raikoke eruption |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improved estimation of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> injections from satellite retrievals and Lagrangian transport simulations: the 2019 Raikoke eruption |
| title_short | Improved estimation of volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> injections from satellite retrievals and Lagrangian transport simulations: the 2019 Raikoke eruption |
| title_sort | improved estimation of volcanic so sub 2 sub injections from satellite retrievals and lagrangian transport simulations the 2019 raikoke eruption |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/6787/2022/acp-22-6787-2022.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zcai improvedestimationofvolcanicsosub2subinjectionsfromsatelliteretrievalsandlagrangiantransportsimulationsthe2019raikokeeruption AT zcai improvedestimationofvolcanicsosub2subinjectionsfromsatelliteretrievalsandlagrangiantransportsimulationsthe2019raikokeeruption AT sgriessbach improvedestimationofvolcanicsosub2subinjectionsfromsatelliteretrievalsandlagrangiantransportsimulationsthe2019raikokeeruption AT lhoffmann improvedestimationofvolcanicsosub2subinjectionsfromsatelliteretrievalsandlagrangiantransportsimulationsthe2019raikokeeruption |