The Phosphoglycerate Kinase (PGK) Gene Family of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> var. B73)
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK, E.C. 2.7.2.3) interconverts ADP + 1,3-bisphospho-glycerate (1,3-bPGA) to ATP + 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA). While most bacteria have a single <i>pgk</i> gene and mammals possess two copies, plant genomes contain three or more <i>PGK</i> genes. In t...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/12/1639 |
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| author | Julio A. Massange-Sánchez Luz E. Casados-Vázquez Sheila Juarez-Colunga Ruairidh J. H. Sawers Axel Tiessen |
| author_facet | Julio A. Massange-Sánchez Luz E. Casados-Vázquez Sheila Juarez-Colunga Ruairidh J. H. Sawers Axel Tiessen |
| author_sort | Julio A. Massange-Sánchez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK, E.C. 2.7.2.3) interconverts ADP + 1,3-bisphospho-glycerate (1,3-bPGA) to ATP + 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA). While most bacteria have a single <i>pgk</i> gene and mammals possess two copies, plant genomes contain three or more <i>PGK</i> genes. In this study, we identified five <i>Pgk</i> genes in the <i>Zea mays</i> var. B73 genome, predicted to encode proteins targeted to different subcellular compartments: <i>ZmPgk1</i>, <i>ZmPgk2,</i> and <i>ZmPgk4</i> (chloroplast), <i>ZmPgk3</i> (cytosol), and <i>ZmPgk5</i> (nucleus). The expression of <i>ZmPgk3</i> was highest in non-photosynthetic tissues (roots and cobs), where PGK activity was also greatest, consistent with a function in glycolysis. Green tissues (leaf blade and husk leaf) showed intermediate levels of PGK activity, and predominantly expressed <i>ZmPgk1</i> and <i>ZmPgk2</i>, suggesting involvement in photosynthetic metabolism. <i>ZmPgk5</i> was weakly expressed and <i>ZmPgk4</i> was not detected in any tissue. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the photosynthetic and glycolytic isozymes of plants clustered together, but were distinct from PGKs of animals, fungi, protozoa, and bacteria, indicating that photosynthetic and glycolytic isozymes of plants diversified after the divergence of the plant lineage from other groups. These results show the distinct role of each PGK in maize and provide the basis for future studies into the regulation and function of this key enzyme. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:36:28Z |
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| id | doaj.art-f34995837c844f53923c6328d44af41f |
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| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:36:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-f34995837c844f53923c6328d44af41f2023-11-20T22:11:51ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-11-01912163910.3390/plants9121639The Phosphoglycerate Kinase (PGK) Gene Family of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> var. B73)Julio A. Massange-Sánchez0Luz E. Casados-Vázquez1Sheila Juarez-Colunga2Ruairidh J. H. Sawers3Axel Tiessen4Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato 36821, MexicoDepartamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato 36821, MexicoDepartamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato 36821, MexicoDepartment of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USADepartamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato 36821, MexicoPhosphoglycerate kinase (PGK, E.C. 2.7.2.3) interconverts ADP + 1,3-bisphospho-glycerate (1,3-bPGA) to ATP + 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA). While most bacteria have a single <i>pgk</i> gene and mammals possess two copies, plant genomes contain three or more <i>PGK</i> genes. In this study, we identified five <i>Pgk</i> genes in the <i>Zea mays</i> var. B73 genome, predicted to encode proteins targeted to different subcellular compartments: <i>ZmPgk1</i>, <i>ZmPgk2,</i> and <i>ZmPgk4</i> (chloroplast), <i>ZmPgk3</i> (cytosol), and <i>ZmPgk5</i> (nucleus). The expression of <i>ZmPgk3</i> was highest in non-photosynthetic tissues (roots and cobs), where PGK activity was also greatest, consistent with a function in glycolysis. Green tissues (leaf blade and husk leaf) showed intermediate levels of PGK activity, and predominantly expressed <i>ZmPgk1</i> and <i>ZmPgk2</i>, suggesting involvement in photosynthetic metabolism. <i>ZmPgk5</i> was weakly expressed and <i>ZmPgk4</i> was not detected in any tissue. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the photosynthetic and glycolytic isozymes of plants clustered together, but were distinct from PGKs of animals, fungi, protozoa, and bacteria, indicating that photosynthetic and glycolytic isozymes of plants diversified after the divergence of the plant lineage from other groups. These results show the distinct role of each PGK in maize and provide the basis for future studies into the regulation and function of this key enzyme.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/12/1639phosphoglycerate kinase<i>Zea mays</i>gene familygene expressionphylogeny |
| spellingShingle | Julio A. Massange-Sánchez Luz E. Casados-Vázquez Sheila Juarez-Colunga Ruairidh J. H. Sawers Axel Tiessen The Phosphoglycerate Kinase (PGK) Gene Family of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> var. B73) Plants phosphoglycerate kinase <i>Zea mays</i> gene family gene expression phylogeny |
| title | The Phosphoglycerate Kinase (PGK) Gene Family of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> var. B73) |
| title_full | The Phosphoglycerate Kinase (PGK) Gene Family of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> var. B73) |
| title_fullStr | The Phosphoglycerate Kinase (PGK) Gene Family of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> var. B73) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Phosphoglycerate Kinase (PGK) Gene Family of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> var. B73) |
| title_short | The Phosphoglycerate Kinase (PGK) Gene Family of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> var. B73) |
| title_sort | phosphoglycerate kinase pgk gene family of maize i zea mays i var b73 |
| topic | phosphoglycerate kinase <i>Zea mays</i> gene family gene expression phylogeny |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/12/1639 |
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