Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in <i>Eriocaulon</i> (Eriocaulaceae: Poales)
Eriocaulaceae (Poales) differ from potentially related Xyridaceae in pattern of floral organ arrangement relative to subtending bract (with median sepal adaxial). Some Eriocaulaceae possess reduced and non-trimerous perianth, but developmental data are insufficient. We conducted a SEM investigation...
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| author | Dmitry D. Sokoloff Shrirang R. Yadav Arun N. Chandore Margarita V. Remizowa |
| author_facet | Dmitry D. Sokoloff Shrirang R. Yadav Arun N. Chandore Margarita V. Remizowa |
| author_sort | Dmitry D. Sokoloff |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Eriocaulaceae (Poales) differ from potentially related Xyridaceae in pattern of floral organ arrangement relative to subtending bract (with median sepal adaxial). Some Eriocaulaceae possess reduced and non-trimerous perianth, but developmental data are insufficient. We conducted a SEM investigation of flower development in three species of <i>Eriocaulon</i> to understand whether organ number and arrangement are stable in <i>E. redactum</i>, a species with a highly reduced calyx and reportedly missing corolla of female flowers. Early flower development is similar in all three species. Male and female flowers are indistinguishable at early stages. Despite earlier reports, both floral types uniformly possess three congenitally united sepals and three petals in <i>E. redactum</i>. Petals and inner stamens develop from common primordia. We assume that scanning electron microscopy should be used in taxonomic accounts of <i>Eriocaulon</i> to assess organ number and arrangement. Two types of corolla reduction are found in Eriocaulaceae: suppression and complete loss of petals. Common petal–stamen primordia in <i>Eriocaulon</i> do not co-occur with delayed receptacle expansion as in other monocots but are associated with retarded petal growth. The ‘reverse’ flower orientation of <i>Eriocaulon</i> is probably due to strictly transversal lateral sepals. Gynoecium development indicates similarities of Eriocaulaceae with restiids and graminids rather than with Xyridaceae. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:22:14Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f349e2d66a6e4afdb58745ca14301f402023-11-20T18:22:47ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-10-01911142410.3390/plants9111424Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in <i>Eriocaulon</i> (Eriocaulaceae: Poales)Dmitry D. Sokoloff0Shrirang R. Yadav1Arun N. Chandore2Margarita V. Remizowa3Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, RussiaShivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur 416 004, MS, IndiaDepartment of Botany, Abasaheb Marathe Arts and New Commerce, Science College, Rajapur 416 702, District Ratnagiri, MS, IndiaBiological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, RussiaEriocaulaceae (Poales) differ from potentially related Xyridaceae in pattern of floral organ arrangement relative to subtending bract (with median sepal adaxial). Some Eriocaulaceae possess reduced and non-trimerous perianth, but developmental data are insufficient. We conducted a SEM investigation of flower development in three species of <i>Eriocaulon</i> to understand whether organ number and arrangement are stable in <i>E. redactum</i>, a species with a highly reduced calyx and reportedly missing corolla of female flowers. Early flower development is similar in all three species. Male and female flowers are indistinguishable at early stages. Despite earlier reports, both floral types uniformly possess three congenitally united sepals and three petals in <i>E. redactum</i>. Petals and inner stamens develop from common primordia. We assume that scanning electron microscopy should be used in taxonomic accounts of <i>Eriocaulon</i> to assess organ number and arrangement. Two types of corolla reduction are found in Eriocaulaceae: suppression and complete loss of petals. Common petal–stamen primordia in <i>Eriocaulon</i> do not co-occur with delayed receptacle expansion as in other monocots but are associated with retarded petal growth. The ‘reverse’ flower orientation of <i>Eriocaulon</i> is probably due to strictly transversal lateral sepals. Gynoecium development indicates similarities of Eriocaulaceae with restiids and graminids rather than with Xyridaceae.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/11/1424common primordiaEriocaulaeae<i>Eriocaulon redactum</i>floral developmentfloral evolutionflower |
| spellingShingle | Dmitry D. Sokoloff Shrirang R. Yadav Arun N. Chandore Margarita V. Remizowa Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in <i>Eriocaulon</i> (Eriocaulaceae: Poales) Plants common primordia Eriocaulaeae <i>Eriocaulon redactum</i> floral development floral evolution flower |
| title | Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in <i>Eriocaulon</i> (Eriocaulaceae: Poales) |
| title_full | Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in <i>Eriocaulon</i> (Eriocaulaceae: Poales) |
| title_fullStr | Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in <i>Eriocaulon</i> (Eriocaulaceae: Poales) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in <i>Eriocaulon</i> (Eriocaulaceae: Poales) |
| title_short | Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in <i>Eriocaulon</i> (Eriocaulaceae: Poales) |
| title_sort | stability despite reduction flower structure patterns of receptacle elongation and organ fusion in i eriocaulon i eriocaulaceae poales |
| topic | common primordia Eriocaulaeae <i>Eriocaulon redactum</i> floral development floral evolution flower |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/11/1424 |
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