The Effect of Excessive Sulfate in the Li-Ion Battery Leachate on the Properties of Resynthesized Li[Ni<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>]O<sub>2</sub>
In order to examine the effect of excessive sulfate in the leachate of spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs), LiNi<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (pristine NCM) and sulfate-containing LiNi<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3&l...
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2021-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6672 |
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| author | Jimin Lee Sanghyuk Park Mincheol Beak Sang Ryul Park Ah Reum Lee Suk Hyun Byun Junho Song Jeong Soo Sohn Kyungjung Kwon |
| author_facet | Jimin Lee Sanghyuk Park Mincheol Beak Sang Ryul Park Ah Reum Lee Suk Hyun Byun Junho Song Jeong Soo Sohn Kyungjung Kwon |
| author_sort | Jimin Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In order to examine the effect of excessive sulfate in the leachate of spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs), LiNi<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (pristine NCM) and sulfate-containing LiNi<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCMS) are prepared by a co-precipitation method. The crystal structures, morphology, surface species, and electrochemical performances of both cathode active materials are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and charge-discharge tests. The XRD patterns and XPS results identify the presence of sulfate groups on the surface of NCMS. While pristine NCM exhibits a very dense surface in SEM images, NCMS has a relatively porous surface, which could be attributed to the sulfate impurities that hinder the growth of primary particles. The charge-discharge tests show that discharge capacities of NCMS at C-rates, which range from 0.1 to 5 C, are slightly decreased compared to pristine NCM. In dQ/dV plots, pristine NCM and NCMS have the same redox overvoltage regardless of discharge C-rates. The omnipresent sulfate due to the sulfuric acid leaching of spent LIBs has a minimal effect on resynthesized NCM cathode active materials as long as their precursors are adequately washed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:58:18Z |
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| id | doaj.art-f34d760dfd154e119b0e64c2dc06bc3e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:58:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-f34d760dfd154e119b0e64c2dc06bc3e2023-11-22T21:15:43ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-11-011421667210.3390/ma14216672The Effect of Excessive Sulfate in the Li-Ion Battery Leachate on the Properties of Resynthesized Li[Ni<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>]O<sub>2</sub>Jimin Lee0Sanghyuk Park1Mincheol Beak2Sang Ryul Park3Ah Reum Lee4Suk Hyun Byun5Junho Song6Jeong Soo Sohn7Kyungjung Kwon8Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, KoreaDepartment of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, KoreaDepartment of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, KoreaSungEel HiTech Co., Ltd., 143-12, Gunsansandan-ro, Gunsan-si 54002, KoreaSungEel HiTech Co., Ltd., 143-12, Gunsansandan-ro, Gunsan-si 54002, KoreaSungEel HiTech Co., Ltd., 143-12, Gunsansandan-ro, Gunsan-si 54002, KoreaKorea Electronics Technology Institute, 25 Saenari-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13509, KoreaMineral Resources Research Division, Resources Recovery Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124, Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, KoreaDepartment of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, KoreaIn order to examine the effect of excessive sulfate in the leachate of spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs), LiNi<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (pristine NCM) and sulfate-containing LiNi<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCMS) are prepared by a co-precipitation method. The crystal structures, morphology, surface species, and electrochemical performances of both cathode active materials are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and charge-discharge tests. The XRD patterns and XPS results identify the presence of sulfate groups on the surface of NCMS. While pristine NCM exhibits a very dense surface in SEM images, NCMS has a relatively porous surface, which could be attributed to the sulfate impurities that hinder the growth of primary particles. The charge-discharge tests show that discharge capacities of NCMS at C-rates, which range from 0.1 to 5 C, are slightly decreased compared to pristine NCM. In dQ/dV plots, pristine NCM and NCMS have the same redox overvoltage regardless of discharge C-rates. The omnipresent sulfate due to the sulfuric acid leaching of spent LIBs has a minimal effect on resynthesized NCM cathode active materials as long as their precursors are adequately washed.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6672Li-ion batterycathode materialsulfateimpurityleachate |
| spellingShingle | Jimin Lee Sanghyuk Park Mincheol Beak Sang Ryul Park Ah Reum Lee Suk Hyun Byun Junho Song Jeong Soo Sohn Kyungjung Kwon The Effect of Excessive Sulfate in the Li-Ion Battery Leachate on the Properties of Resynthesized Li[Ni<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> Materials Li-ion battery cathode material sulfate impurity leachate |
| title | The Effect of Excessive Sulfate in the Li-Ion Battery Leachate on the Properties of Resynthesized Li[Ni<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> |
| title_full | The Effect of Excessive Sulfate in the Li-Ion Battery Leachate on the Properties of Resynthesized Li[Ni<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Excessive Sulfate in the Li-Ion Battery Leachate on the Properties of Resynthesized Li[Ni<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Excessive Sulfate in the Li-Ion Battery Leachate on the Properties of Resynthesized Li[Ni<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> |
| title_short | The Effect of Excessive Sulfate in the Li-Ion Battery Leachate on the Properties of Resynthesized Li[Ni<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> |
| title_sort | effect of excessive sulfate in the li ion battery leachate on the properties of resynthesized li ni sub 1 3 sub co sub 1 3 sub mn sub 1 3 sub o sub 2 sub |
| topic | Li-ion battery cathode material sulfate impurity leachate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6672 |
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