Valorization of <i>Delonix regia</i> Pods for Bioethanol Production
<i>Delonix regia</i> (common name: Flame tree) pods, an inexpensive lignocellulosic waste matrix, were successfully used to produce value-added bioethanol. Initially, the potentiality of <i>D. regia</i> pods as a lignocellulosic biomass was assessed by Fourier-transform infra...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Fermentation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/9/3/289 |
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| author | Zafar Iqbal Adarsh Siddiqua Zahid Anwar Muhammad Munir |
| author_facet | Zafar Iqbal Adarsh Siddiqua Zahid Anwar Muhammad Munir |
| author_sort | Zafar Iqbal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Delonix regia</i> (common name: Flame tree) pods, an inexpensive lignocellulosic waste matrix, were successfully used to produce value-added bioethanol. Initially, the potentiality of <i>D. regia</i> pods as a lignocellulosic biomass was assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which revealed the presence of several functional groups belonging to cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, implying that <i>D. regia</i> pods could serve as an excellent lignocellulosic biomass. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD) were used to optimize pretreatment conditions of incubation time (10–70 min), H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> concentration (0.5–3%), amount of substrate (0.02–0.22 g), and temperature (45–100 °C). Then, RSM-suggested 30 trials of pretreatment conditions experimented in the laboratory, and a trial using 0.16 g substrate, 3% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, 70 min incubation at 90 °C, yielded the highest amount of glucose (0.296 mg·mL<sup>−1</sup>), and xylose (0.477 mg·mL<sup>−1</sup>). Subsequently, the same trial conditions were chosen in the downstream process, and pretreated <i>D. regia</i> pods were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with 5 mL of indigenously produced cellulase enzyme (74 filter per unit [FPU]) at 50 °C for 72 h to augment the yield of fermentable sugars, yielding up to 55.57 mg·mL<sup>−1</sup> of glucose. Finally, the released sugars were fermented to ethanol by <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, yielding a maximum of 7.771% ethanol after 72 h of incubation at 30 °C. Conclusively, this study entails the successful valorization of <i>D. regia</i> pods for bioethanol production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:34:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f354ec6510704bb192efe2f6c8a117ff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5637 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:34:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fermentation |
| spelling | doaj.art-f354ec6510704bb192efe2f6c8a117ff2023-11-17T11:02:36ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372023-03-019328910.3390/fermentation9030289Valorization of <i>Delonix regia</i> Pods for Bioethanol ProductionZafar Iqbal0Adarsh Siddiqua1Zahid Anwar2Muhammad Munir3Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa P.O. Box 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, PakistanDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, PakistanDate Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa P.O. Box 31982, Saudi Arabia<i>Delonix regia</i> (common name: Flame tree) pods, an inexpensive lignocellulosic waste matrix, were successfully used to produce value-added bioethanol. Initially, the potentiality of <i>D. regia</i> pods as a lignocellulosic biomass was assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which revealed the presence of several functional groups belonging to cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, implying that <i>D. regia</i> pods could serve as an excellent lignocellulosic biomass. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD) were used to optimize pretreatment conditions of incubation time (10–70 min), H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> concentration (0.5–3%), amount of substrate (0.02–0.22 g), and temperature (45–100 °C). Then, RSM-suggested 30 trials of pretreatment conditions experimented in the laboratory, and a trial using 0.16 g substrate, 3% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, 70 min incubation at 90 °C, yielded the highest amount of glucose (0.296 mg·mL<sup>−1</sup>), and xylose (0.477 mg·mL<sup>−1</sup>). Subsequently, the same trial conditions were chosen in the downstream process, and pretreated <i>D. regia</i> pods were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with 5 mL of indigenously produced cellulase enzyme (74 filter per unit [FPU]) at 50 °C for 72 h to augment the yield of fermentable sugars, yielding up to 55.57 mg·mL<sup>−1</sup> of glucose. Finally, the released sugars were fermented to ethanol by <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, yielding a maximum of 7.771% ethanol after 72 h of incubation at 30 °C. Conclusively, this study entails the successful valorization of <i>D. regia</i> pods for bioethanol production.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/9/3/289<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i><i>Delonix regia</i>biomasspre-treatmentacid hydrolysisfermentation |
| spellingShingle | Zafar Iqbal Adarsh Siddiqua Zahid Anwar Muhammad Munir Valorization of <i>Delonix regia</i> Pods for Bioethanol Production Fermentation <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> <i>Delonix regia</i> biomass pre-treatment acid hydrolysis fermentation |
| title | Valorization of <i>Delonix regia</i> Pods for Bioethanol Production |
| title_full | Valorization of <i>Delonix regia</i> Pods for Bioethanol Production |
| title_fullStr | Valorization of <i>Delonix regia</i> Pods for Bioethanol Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Valorization of <i>Delonix regia</i> Pods for Bioethanol Production |
| title_short | Valorization of <i>Delonix regia</i> Pods for Bioethanol Production |
| title_sort | valorization of i delonix regia i pods for bioethanol production |
| topic | <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> <i>Delonix regia</i> biomass pre-treatment acid hydrolysis fermentation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/9/3/289 |
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