| Summary: | <i>Bletilla striata</i> (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Rchb. f., a species of the perennial herb Orchidaceae, has potent anti-inflammatory and antiviral biological activities. MADS-box transcription factors play critical roles in the various developmental processes of plants. Although this gene family has been extensively investigated in many species, it has not been analyzed for <i>B. striata</i>. In total, 45 MADS-box genes were identified from <i>B. striata</i> in this study, which were classified into five subfamilies (Mδ, MIKC, Mα, Mβ, and Mγ). Meanwhile, the highly correlated protein domains, motif compositions, and exon–intron structures of <i>BsMADSs</i> were investigated according to local <i>B. striata</i> databases. Chromosome distribution and synteny analyses revealed that segmental duplication and homologous exchange were the main <i>BsMADSs</i> expansion mechanisms. Further, RT-qPCR analysis revealed that <i>BsMADSs</i> had different expression patterns in response to various stress treatments. Our results provide a potential theoretical basis for further investigation of the functions of MADS genes during the growth of <i>B. striata</i>.
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