Single-Dose Rifampicin Leprosy Chemoprophylaxis for Household Contacts in Kiribati: An Audit of a Combined Retrospective and Prospective Approach
Kiribati is a Pacific Island nation with a widely dispersed population and one of the highest rates of leprosy worldwide. Single-dose rifampicin post-exposure prophylaxis (SDR-PEP) of leprosy contacts has reduced new case detection rates in controlled trials. In 2018, an SDR-PEP programme was introd...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/9/3/58 |
| _version_ | 1797239204744265728 |
|---|---|
| author | Patrick O. Campbell Temea Bauro Erei Rimon Eretii Timeon Caitlin Bland Nabura Ioteba Nicholas M. Douglas Arturo Cunanan Stephen T. Chambers |
| author_facet | Patrick O. Campbell Temea Bauro Erei Rimon Eretii Timeon Caitlin Bland Nabura Ioteba Nicholas M. Douglas Arturo Cunanan Stephen T. Chambers |
| author_sort | Patrick O. Campbell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Kiribati is a Pacific Island nation with a widely dispersed population and one of the highest rates of leprosy worldwide. Single-dose rifampicin post-exposure prophylaxis (SDR-PEP) of leprosy contacts has reduced new case detection rates in controlled trials. In 2018, an SDR-PEP programme was introduced in Kiribati that included screening and chemoprophylaxis of household contacts of leprosy cases retrospectively (2010–2017) and prospectively (2018–2022). We conducted a retrospective audit to determine the comprehensiveness, timeliness and feasibility of the SDR-PEP programme. Overall, 13,641 household contacts were identified (9791 in the retrospective and 3850 in the prospective cohort). In the retrospective cohort, 1044 (11%) contacts were absent, 403 (4%) were ineligible for SDR, and 42 new cases were detected (0.4%) Overall, SDR coverage was 84.7%. In the prospective cohort, 164 (4%) contacts were absent, 251 (7%) were ineligible for SDR, and 23 new cases were diagnosed (0.6%). Overall, SDR coverage was 88.1%. Across both cohorts, there were 23 SDR refusals. The median time to SDR administration was 220 days (IQR 162–468) and 120 days (IQR 36–283) for the retrospective and prospective cohorts, respectively. SDR was readily accepted in both cohorts. The new case detection rate (0.5%) is consistent with that in other studies. Overall SDR coverage in both the retrospective and prospective phases met programmatic expectations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:47:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f362190234f347a4b57c7712bd0f805b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:47:49Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-f362190234f347a4b57c7712bd0f805b2024-03-27T14:06:33ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662024-03-01935810.3390/tropicalmed9030058Single-Dose Rifampicin Leprosy Chemoprophylaxis for Household Contacts in Kiribati: An Audit of a Combined Retrospective and Prospective ApproachPatrick O. Campbell0Temea Bauro1Erei Rimon2Eretii Timeon3Caitlin Bland4Nabura Ioteba5Nicholas M. Douglas6Arturo Cunanan7Stephen T. Chambers8Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New ZealandGovernment of the Republic of Kiribati Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Tarawa P.O. Box 268, KiribatiGovernment of the Republic of Kiribati Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Tarawa P.O. Box 268, KiribatiGovernment of the Republic of Kiribati Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Tarawa P.O. Box 268, KiribatiOtago Medical School, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New ZealandPasifika Medical Association, Christchurch 8011, New ZealandDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Christchurch Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Waitaha, Canterbury 8011, New ZealandDepartment of Health, Culion Sanatorium and General Hospital, Culion 5315, PhilippinesDepartment of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New ZealandKiribati is a Pacific Island nation with a widely dispersed population and one of the highest rates of leprosy worldwide. Single-dose rifampicin post-exposure prophylaxis (SDR-PEP) of leprosy contacts has reduced new case detection rates in controlled trials. In 2018, an SDR-PEP programme was introduced in Kiribati that included screening and chemoprophylaxis of household contacts of leprosy cases retrospectively (2010–2017) and prospectively (2018–2022). We conducted a retrospective audit to determine the comprehensiveness, timeliness and feasibility of the SDR-PEP programme. Overall, 13,641 household contacts were identified (9791 in the retrospective and 3850 in the prospective cohort). In the retrospective cohort, 1044 (11%) contacts were absent, 403 (4%) were ineligible for SDR, and 42 new cases were detected (0.4%) Overall, SDR coverage was 84.7%. In the prospective cohort, 164 (4%) contacts were absent, 251 (7%) were ineligible for SDR, and 23 new cases were diagnosed (0.6%). Overall, SDR coverage was 88.1%. Across both cohorts, there were 23 SDR refusals. The median time to SDR administration was 220 days (IQR 162–468) and 120 days (IQR 36–283) for the retrospective and prospective cohorts, respectively. SDR was readily accepted in both cohorts. The new case detection rate (0.5%) is consistent with that in other studies. Overall SDR coverage in both the retrospective and prospective phases met programmatic expectations.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/9/3/58leprosyfeasibility studiessingle-dose rifampicin<i>Mycobacterium leprae</i>household contactspost-exposure prophylaxis |
| spellingShingle | Patrick O. Campbell Temea Bauro Erei Rimon Eretii Timeon Caitlin Bland Nabura Ioteba Nicholas M. Douglas Arturo Cunanan Stephen T. Chambers Single-Dose Rifampicin Leprosy Chemoprophylaxis for Household Contacts in Kiribati: An Audit of a Combined Retrospective and Prospective Approach Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease leprosy feasibility studies single-dose rifampicin <i>Mycobacterium leprae</i> household contacts post-exposure prophylaxis |
| title | Single-Dose Rifampicin Leprosy Chemoprophylaxis for Household Contacts in Kiribati: An Audit of a Combined Retrospective and Prospective Approach |
| title_full | Single-Dose Rifampicin Leprosy Chemoprophylaxis for Household Contacts in Kiribati: An Audit of a Combined Retrospective and Prospective Approach |
| title_fullStr | Single-Dose Rifampicin Leprosy Chemoprophylaxis for Household Contacts in Kiribati: An Audit of a Combined Retrospective and Prospective Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Single-Dose Rifampicin Leprosy Chemoprophylaxis for Household Contacts in Kiribati: An Audit of a Combined Retrospective and Prospective Approach |
| title_short | Single-Dose Rifampicin Leprosy Chemoprophylaxis for Household Contacts in Kiribati: An Audit of a Combined Retrospective and Prospective Approach |
| title_sort | single dose rifampicin leprosy chemoprophylaxis for household contacts in kiribati an audit of a combined retrospective and prospective approach |
| topic | leprosy feasibility studies single-dose rifampicin <i>Mycobacterium leprae</i> household contacts post-exposure prophylaxis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/9/3/58 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT patrickocampbell singledoserifampicinleprosychemoprophylaxisforhouseholdcontactsinkiribatianauditofacombinedretrospectiveandprospectiveapproach AT temeabauro singledoserifampicinleprosychemoprophylaxisforhouseholdcontactsinkiribatianauditofacombinedretrospectiveandprospectiveapproach AT ereirimon singledoserifampicinleprosychemoprophylaxisforhouseholdcontactsinkiribatianauditofacombinedretrospectiveandprospectiveapproach AT eretiitimeon singledoserifampicinleprosychemoprophylaxisforhouseholdcontactsinkiribatianauditofacombinedretrospectiveandprospectiveapproach AT caitlinbland singledoserifampicinleprosychemoprophylaxisforhouseholdcontactsinkiribatianauditofacombinedretrospectiveandprospectiveapproach AT naburaioteba singledoserifampicinleprosychemoprophylaxisforhouseholdcontactsinkiribatianauditofacombinedretrospectiveandprospectiveapproach AT nicholasmdouglas singledoserifampicinleprosychemoprophylaxisforhouseholdcontactsinkiribatianauditofacombinedretrospectiveandprospectiveapproach AT arturocunanan singledoserifampicinleprosychemoprophylaxisforhouseholdcontactsinkiribatianauditofacombinedretrospectiveandprospectiveapproach AT stephentchambers singledoserifampicinleprosychemoprophylaxisforhouseholdcontactsinkiribatianauditofacombinedretrospectiveandprospectiveapproach |