Hierarchical Zeolites as Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oils to Overcome Mass Transfer Limitations
Hierarchical crystals with short diffusion path, conventional microcrystals and nanocrystals of ZSM-5 zeolites were used for biodiesel production from waste frying oils and were assessed for their catalytic activity in regard to their pore structure and acidic properties. Produced zeolites were char...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/4879 |
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| author | Elyssa G. Fawaz Darine A. Salam Severinne S. Rigolet T. Jean Daou |
| author_facet | Elyssa G. Fawaz Darine A. Salam Severinne S. Rigolet T. Jean Daou |
| author_sort | Elyssa G. Fawaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hierarchical crystals with short diffusion path, conventional microcrystals and nanocrystals of ZSM-5 zeolites were used for biodiesel production from waste frying oils and were assessed for their catalytic activity in regard to their pore structure and acidic properties. Produced zeolites were characterized using XRD, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, SEM, TEM, X-ray fluorescence, and FTIR. Pore size effect on molecular diffusion limitation was assessed by Thiele modulus calculations and turnover frequencies (TOF) were used to discuss the correlation between acidic character and catalytic performance of the zeolites. Owing to the enhanced accessibility and mass transfer of triglycerides and free fatty acids to the elemental active zeolitic structure, the catalytic performance of nanosponge and nanosheet hierarchical zeolites was the highest. A maximum yield of 48.29% was reached for the transesterification of waste frying oils (WFOs) using HZSM-5 nanosheets at 12:1 methanol to WFOs molar ratio, 180 °C, 10 wt % catalyst loading, and 4 h reaction time. Although HZSM-5 nanosponges achieved high conversions, these more hydrophilic zeolites did not function according to their entire acidic strength in comparison to HZSM-5 nanosheets. NSh-HZSM5 catalytic performance was still high after 4 consecutive cycles as a result of the zeolite regeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:33:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f36511f8735e43ba8fb41311992255e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:33:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-f36511f8735e43ba8fb41311992255e72023-11-22T08:53:19ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-08-012616487910.3390/molecules26164879Hierarchical Zeolites as Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oils to Overcome Mass Transfer LimitationsElyssa G. Fawaz0Darine A. Salam1Severinne S. Rigolet2T. Jean Daou3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, LebanonDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, LebanonAxe Matériaux à Porosité Contrôlée (MPC), Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), Université de Haute Alsace, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu, 68093 Mulhouse, FranceAxe Matériaux à Porosité Contrôlée (MPC), Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), Université de Haute Alsace, UMR CNRS 7361, ENSCMu, 68093 Mulhouse, FranceHierarchical crystals with short diffusion path, conventional microcrystals and nanocrystals of ZSM-5 zeolites were used for biodiesel production from waste frying oils and were assessed for their catalytic activity in regard to their pore structure and acidic properties. Produced zeolites were characterized using XRD, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, SEM, TEM, X-ray fluorescence, and FTIR. Pore size effect on molecular diffusion limitation was assessed by Thiele modulus calculations and turnover frequencies (TOF) were used to discuss the correlation between acidic character and catalytic performance of the zeolites. Owing to the enhanced accessibility and mass transfer of triglycerides and free fatty acids to the elemental active zeolitic structure, the catalytic performance of nanosponge and nanosheet hierarchical zeolites was the highest. A maximum yield of 48.29% was reached for the transesterification of waste frying oils (WFOs) using HZSM-5 nanosheets at 12:1 methanol to WFOs molar ratio, 180 °C, 10 wt % catalyst loading, and 4 h reaction time. Although HZSM-5 nanosponges achieved high conversions, these more hydrophilic zeolites did not function according to their entire acidic strength in comparison to HZSM-5 nanosheets. NSh-HZSM5 catalytic performance was still high after 4 consecutive cycles as a result of the zeolite regeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/4879zeoliteshierarchicaltransesterificationaciditymass transfer limitation |
| spellingShingle | Elyssa G. Fawaz Darine A. Salam Severinne S. Rigolet T. Jean Daou Hierarchical Zeolites as Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oils to Overcome Mass Transfer Limitations Molecules zeolites hierarchical transesterification acidity mass transfer limitation |
| title | Hierarchical Zeolites as Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oils to Overcome Mass Transfer Limitations |
| title_full | Hierarchical Zeolites as Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oils to Overcome Mass Transfer Limitations |
| title_fullStr | Hierarchical Zeolites as Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oils to Overcome Mass Transfer Limitations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hierarchical Zeolites as Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oils to Overcome Mass Transfer Limitations |
| title_short | Hierarchical Zeolites as Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oils to Overcome Mass Transfer Limitations |
| title_sort | hierarchical zeolites as catalysts for biodiesel production from waste frying oils to overcome mass transfer limitations |
| topic | zeolites hierarchical transesterification acidity mass transfer limitation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/4879 |
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