Using Redox Proteomics to Gain New Insights into Neurodegenerative Disease and Protein Modification
Antioxidant defenses in biological systems ensure redox homeostasis, regulating baseline levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). Oxidative stress (OS), characterized by a lack of antioxidant defenses or an elevation in ROS and RNS, may cause a modification of biomolecules, ROS...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/1/127 |
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| author | Paula Cadenas-Garrido Ailén Schonvandt-Alarcos Lourdes Herrera-Quintana Héctor Vázquez-Lorente Alicia Santamaría-Quiles Jon Ruiz de Francisco Marina Moya-Escudero David Martín-Oliva Sandra M. Martín-Guerrero César Rodríguez-Santana Jerónimo Aragón-Vela Julio Plaza-Diaz |
| author_facet | Paula Cadenas-Garrido Ailén Schonvandt-Alarcos Lourdes Herrera-Quintana Héctor Vázquez-Lorente Alicia Santamaría-Quiles Jon Ruiz de Francisco Marina Moya-Escudero David Martín-Oliva Sandra M. Martín-Guerrero César Rodríguez-Santana Jerónimo Aragón-Vela Julio Plaza-Diaz |
| author_sort | Paula Cadenas-Garrido |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antioxidant defenses in biological systems ensure redox homeostasis, regulating baseline levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). Oxidative stress (OS), characterized by a lack of antioxidant defenses or an elevation in ROS and RNS, may cause a modification of biomolecules, ROS being primarily absorbed by proteins. As a result of both genome and environment interactions, proteomics provides complete information about a cell’s proteome, which changes continuously. Besides measuring protein expression levels, proteomics can also be used to identify protein modifications, localizations, the effects of added agents, and the interactions between proteins. Several oxidative processes are frequently used to modify proteins post-translationally, including carbonylation, oxidation of amino acid side chains, glycation, or lipid peroxidation, which produces highly reactive alkenals. Reactive alkenals, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, are added to cysteine (Cys), lysine (Lys), or histidine (His) residues by a Michael addition, and tyrosine (Tyr) residues are nitrated and Cys residues are nitrosylated by a Michael addition. Oxidative and nitrosative stress have been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases as a result of oxidative damage to the brain, which may be especially vulnerable due to the large consumption of dioxygen. Therefore, the current methods applied for the detection, identification, and quantification in redox proteomics are of great interest. This review describes the main protein modifications classified as chemical reactions. Finally, we discuss the importance of redox proteomics to health and describe the analytical methods used in redox proteomics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:06:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3666cdaa57b41068856727fd7501685 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:06:50Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3666cdaa57b41068856727fd75016852024-01-26T14:43:10ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-01-0113112710.3390/antiox13010127Using Redox Proteomics to Gain New Insights into Neurodegenerative Disease and Protein ModificationPaula Cadenas-Garrido0Ailén Schonvandt-Alarcos1Lourdes Herrera-Quintana2Héctor Vázquez-Lorente3Alicia Santamaría-Quiles4Jon Ruiz de Francisco5Marina Moya-Escudero6David Martín-Oliva7Sandra M. Martín-Guerrero8César Rodríguez-Santana9Jerónimo Aragón-Vela10Julio Plaza-Diaz11Research and Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda, del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, SpainResearch and Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda, del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, SpainDepartment of Physiology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Physiology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainResearch and Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda, del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, SpainResearch and Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda, del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, SpainResearch and Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda, del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, SpainDepartment of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UKDepartment of Physiology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Health Sciences, Area of Physiology, Building B3, Campus s/n “Las Lagunillas”, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, SpainChildren’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, CanadaAntioxidant defenses in biological systems ensure redox homeostasis, regulating baseline levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). Oxidative stress (OS), characterized by a lack of antioxidant defenses or an elevation in ROS and RNS, may cause a modification of biomolecules, ROS being primarily absorbed by proteins. As a result of both genome and environment interactions, proteomics provides complete information about a cell’s proteome, which changes continuously. Besides measuring protein expression levels, proteomics can also be used to identify protein modifications, localizations, the effects of added agents, and the interactions between proteins. Several oxidative processes are frequently used to modify proteins post-translationally, including carbonylation, oxidation of amino acid side chains, glycation, or lipid peroxidation, which produces highly reactive alkenals. Reactive alkenals, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, are added to cysteine (Cys), lysine (Lys), or histidine (His) residues by a Michael addition, and tyrosine (Tyr) residues are nitrated and Cys residues are nitrosylated by a Michael addition. Oxidative and nitrosative stress have been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases as a result of oxidative damage to the brain, which may be especially vulnerable due to the large consumption of dioxygen. Therefore, the current methods applied for the detection, identification, and quantification in redox proteomics are of great interest. This review describes the main protein modifications classified as chemical reactions. Finally, we discuss the importance of redox proteomics to health and describe the analytical methods used in redox proteomics.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/1/127redox proteomicsoxidative stressproteinhealthneurodegenerative diseases |
| spellingShingle | Paula Cadenas-Garrido Ailén Schonvandt-Alarcos Lourdes Herrera-Quintana Héctor Vázquez-Lorente Alicia Santamaría-Quiles Jon Ruiz de Francisco Marina Moya-Escudero David Martín-Oliva Sandra M. Martín-Guerrero César Rodríguez-Santana Jerónimo Aragón-Vela Julio Plaza-Diaz Using Redox Proteomics to Gain New Insights into Neurodegenerative Disease and Protein Modification Antioxidants redox proteomics oxidative stress protein health neurodegenerative diseases |
| title | Using Redox Proteomics to Gain New Insights into Neurodegenerative Disease and Protein Modification |
| title_full | Using Redox Proteomics to Gain New Insights into Neurodegenerative Disease and Protein Modification |
| title_fullStr | Using Redox Proteomics to Gain New Insights into Neurodegenerative Disease and Protein Modification |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using Redox Proteomics to Gain New Insights into Neurodegenerative Disease and Protein Modification |
| title_short | Using Redox Proteomics to Gain New Insights into Neurodegenerative Disease and Protein Modification |
| title_sort | using redox proteomics to gain new insights into neurodegenerative disease and protein modification |
| topic | redox proteomics oxidative stress protein health neurodegenerative diseases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/1/127 |
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