From Welfare to Warfare: The Arbitration of Host-Microbiota Interplay by the Type VI Secretion System
The health of mammals depends on a complex interplay with their microbial ecosystems. Compartments exposed to external environments such as the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract accommodate the gut microbiota, composed by a wide range of bacteria. The gut microbiome confers benefits to...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-10-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2020.587948/full |
| _version_ | 1819194887597195264 |
|---|---|
| author | Thomas E. Wood Thomas E. Wood Ezra Aksoy Abderrahman Hachani |
| author_facet | Thomas E. Wood Thomas E. Wood Ezra Aksoy Abderrahman Hachani |
| author_sort | Thomas E. Wood |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The health of mammals depends on a complex interplay with their microbial ecosystems. Compartments exposed to external environments such as the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract accommodate the gut microbiota, composed by a wide range of bacteria. The gut microbiome confers benefits to the host, including expansion of metabolic potential and the development of an immune system that can robustly protect from external and internal insults. The cooperation between gut microbiome and host is enabled in part by the formation of partitioned niches that harbor diverse bacterial phyla. Bacterial secretion systems are commonly employed to manipulate the composition of these local environments. Here, we explore the roles of the bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS), present in ~25% of gram-negative bacteria, including many symbionts, in the establishment and perturbation of bacterial commensalism, and symbiosis in host mucosal sites. This versatile apparatus drives bacterial competition, although in some cases can also interfere directly with host cells and facilitate nutrient acquisition. In addition, some bacterial pathogens cause disease when their T6SS leads to dysbiosis and subverts host immune responses in defined animal models. This review explores our knowledge of the T6SS in the context of the “host-microbiota-pathogen” triumvirate and examines contexts in which the importance of this secretion system may be underappreciated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T02:04:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f378e4bc8cbe4c2eb8a1801302a42354 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T02:04:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-f378e4bc8cbe4c2eb8a1801302a423542022-12-21T18:03:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882020-10-011010.3389/fcimb.2020.587948587948From Welfare to Warfare: The Arbitration of Host-Microbiota Interplay by the Type VI Secretion SystemThomas E. Wood0Thomas E. Wood1Ezra Aksoy2Abderrahman Hachani3Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United StatesCentre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United KingdomDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaThe health of mammals depends on a complex interplay with their microbial ecosystems. Compartments exposed to external environments such as the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract accommodate the gut microbiota, composed by a wide range of bacteria. The gut microbiome confers benefits to the host, including expansion of metabolic potential and the development of an immune system that can robustly protect from external and internal insults. The cooperation between gut microbiome and host is enabled in part by the formation of partitioned niches that harbor diverse bacterial phyla. Bacterial secretion systems are commonly employed to manipulate the composition of these local environments. Here, we explore the roles of the bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS), present in ~25% of gram-negative bacteria, including many symbionts, in the establishment and perturbation of bacterial commensalism, and symbiosis in host mucosal sites. This versatile apparatus drives bacterial competition, although in some cases can also interfere directly with host cells and facilitate nutrient acquisition. In addition, some bacterial pathogens cause disease when their T6SS leads to dysbiosis and subverts host immune responses in defined animal models. This review explores our knowledge of the T6SS in the context of the “host-microbiota-pathogen” triumvirate and examines contexts in which the importance of this secretion system may be underappreciated.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2020.587948/fullgut microbiometype six secretion systemcommensalsymbiosisdysbiosismucosal immunity |
| spellingShingle | Thomas E. Wood Thomas E. Wood Ezra Aksoy Abderrahman Hachani From Welfare to Warfare: The Arbitration of Host-Microbiota Interplay by the Type VI Secretion System Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology gut microbiome type six secretion system commensal symbiosis dysbiosis mucosal immunity |
| title | From Welfare to Warfare: The Arbitration of Host-Microbiota Interplay by the Type VI Secretion System |
| title_full | From Welfare to Warfare: The Arbitration of Host-Microbiota Interplay by the Type VI Secretion System |
| title_fullStr | From Welfare to Warfare: The Arbitration of Host-Microbiota Interplay by the Type VI Secretion System |
| title_full_unstemmed | From Welfare to Warfare: The Arbitration of Host-Microbiota Interplay by the Type VI Secretion System |
| title_short | From Welfare to Warfare: The Arbitration of Host-Microbiota Interplay by the Type VI Secretion System |
| title_sort | from welfare to warfare the arbitration of host microbiota interplay by the type vi secretion system |
| topic | gut microbiome type six secretion system commensal symbiosis dysbiosis mucosal immunity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2020.587948/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thomasewood fromwelfaretowarfarethearbitrationofhostmicrobiotainterplaybythetypevisecretionsystem AT thomasewood fromwelfaretowarfarethearbitrationofhostmicrobiotainterplaybythetypevisecretionsystem AT ezraaksoy fromwelfaretowarfarethearbitrationofhostmicrobiotainterplaybythetypevisecretionsystem AT abderrahmanhachani fromwelfaretowarfarethearbitrationofhostmicrobiotainterplaybythetypevisecretionsystem |