DNA and scale reading to identify repeat spawning in Atlantic salmon: Unique insights into patterns of iteroparity
Abstract Iteroparity represents an important but often overlooked component of life history in anadromous Atlantic salmon. Here, we combined individual DNA profiling and scale reading to identify repeat spawners among ~8000 adult salmon captured in a fish trap in the river Etne, Norway, in the perio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Evolutionary Applications |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13612 |
| _version_ | 1797382961746673664 |
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| author | Håvard Kaland Alison Catherine Harvey Øystein Skaala Vidar Wennevik Francois Besnier Per Tommy Fjeldheim Sofie Knutar Kaja Christine Andersen Kevin Alan Glover |
| author_facet | Håvard Kaland Alison Catherine Harvey Øystein Skaala Vidar Wennevik Francois Besnier Per Tommy Fjeldheim Sofie Knutar Kaja Christine Andersen Kevin Alan Glover |
| author_sort | Håvard Kaland |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Iteroparity represents an important but often overlooked component of life history in anadromous Atlantic salmon. Here, we combined individual DNA profiling and scale reading to identify repeat spawners among ~8000 adult salmon captured in a fish trap in the river Etne, Norway, in the period 2015–2019. Additionally, 171 outward migrating kelts were captured in the spring of 2018–2020 and identified using molecular methods to estimate weight loss since ascending the river to spawn. The overall frequency of repeat spawners identified using molecular methods and scale reading combined was 7% in females and 3% in males (5% in total). Most of these (83%) spent one full year reconditioning at sea before returning for their second spawning, with a larger body size compared with their size at first spawning, gaining on average 15.9 cm. A single female migrating back into the river for a fifth breeding season was also identified. On average, kelts lost 40% bodyweight in the river, and more female than male kelts were captured during outward migration. The date of arrival in the upstream fish trap was significantly but moderately correlated between maiden and second entry to the river for alternate and consecutive spawners. The estimated contribution from repeat spawners to the total number of eggs deposited in the river each year varied between 2% and 17% (average 12%). Molecular‐based methods marginally underestimated the number of repeat spawners compared with scale reading (5% vs 7%) likely due to a small number of returning spawners not being trapped and sampled. Differences between the methods were most evident when classifying the spawning strategy (alternate or consecutive‐year repeat spawners), where the scale method identified proportionally more consecutive‐year repeat spawners than the molecular method. This unique data set reveals previously unstudied components of this life history strategy and demonstrates the importance of repeat spawners in population recruitment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:13:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f383e24b91b44568b95bf1900ad5689a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1752-4571 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:13:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Evolutionary Applications |
| spelling | doaj.art-f383e24b91b44568b95bf1900ad5689a2023-12-22T05:10:52ZengWileyEvolutionary Applications1752-45712023-12-0116121921193610.1111/eva.13612DNA and scale reading to identify repeat spawning in Atlantic salmon: Unique insights into patterns of iteroparityHåvard Kaland0Alison Catherine Harvey1Øystein Skaala2Vidar Wennevik3Francois Besnier4Per Tommy Fjeldheim5Sofie Knutar6Kaja Christine Andersen7Kevin Alan Glover8Institute of Marine Research Bergen NorwayInstitute of Marine Research Bergen NorwayInstitute of Marine Research Bergen NorwayInstitute of Marine Research Bergen NorwayInstitute of Marine Research Bergen NorwayInstitute of Marine Research Bergen NorwayInstitute of Marine Research Bergen NorwayInstitute of Marine Research Bergen NorwayInstitute of Marine Research Bergen NorwayAbstract Iteroparity represents an important but often overlooked component of life history in anadromous Atlantic salmon. Here, we combined individual DNA profiling and scale reading to identify repeat spawners among ~8000 adult salmon captured in a fish trap in the river Etne, Norway, in the period 2015–2019. Additionally, 171 outward migrating kelts were captured in the spring of 2018–2020 and identified using molecular methods to estimate weight loss since ascending the river to spawn. The overall frequency of repeat spawners identified using molecular methods and scale reading combined was 7% in females and 3% in males (5% in total). Most of these (83%) spent one full year reconditioning at sea before returning for their second spawning, with a larger body size compared with their size at first spawning, gaining on average 15.9 cm. A single female migrating back into the river for a fifth breeding season was also identified. On average, kelts lost 40% bodyweight in the river, and more female than male kelts were captured during outward migration. The date of arrival in the upstream fish trap was significantly but moderately correlated between maiden and second entry to the river for alternate and consecutive spawners. The estimated contribution from repeat spawners to the total number of eggs deposited in the river each year varied between 2% and 17% (average 12%). Molecular‐based methods marginally underestimated the number of repeat spawners compared with scale reading (5% vs 7%) likely due to a small number of returning spawners not being trapped and sampled. Differences between the methods were most evident when classifying the spawning strategy (alternate or consecutive‐year repeat spawners), where the scale method identified proportionally more consecutive‐year repeat spawners than the molecular method. This unique data set reveals previously unstudied components of this life history strategy and demonstrates the importance of repeat spawners in population recruitment.https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13612alternate repeat spawnerAtlantic salmonconsecutive repeat spawnerDNA profilingEtnerepeat spawners |
| spellingShingle | Håvard Kaland Alison Catherine Harvey Øystein Skaala Vidar Wennevik Francois Besnier Per Tommy Fjeldheim Sofie Knutar Kaja Christine Andersen Kevin Alan Glover DNA and scale reading to identify repeat spawning in Atlantic salmon: Unique insights into patterns of iteroparity Evolutionary Applications alternate repeat spawner Atlantic salmon consecutive repeat spawner DNA profiling Etne repeat spawners |
| title | DNA and scale reading to identify repeat spawning in Atlantic salmon: Unique insights into patterns of iteroparity |
| title_full | DNA and scale reading to identify repeat spawning in Atlantic salmon: Unique insights into patterns of iteroparity |
| title_fullStr | DNA and scale reading to identify repeat spawning in Atlantic salmon: Unique insights into patterns of iteroparity |
| title_full_unstemmed | DNA and scale reading to identify repeat spawning in Atlantic salmon: Unique insights into patterns of iteroparity |
| title_short | DNA and scale reading to identify repeat spawning in Atlantic salmon: Unique insights into patterns of iteroparity |
| title_sort | dna and scale reading to identify repeat spawning in atlantic salmon unique insights into patterns of iteroparity |
| topic | alternate repeat spawner Atlantic salmon consecutive repeat spawner DNA profiling Etne repeat spawners |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13612 |
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