Lithofacies Architecturing and Hydrocarbon Reservoir Potential of Lumshiwal Formation: Surghar Range, Trans-Indus Ranges, North Pakistan
Western environs of the Indo-Pak Plate are comprised of thick Mesozoic sedimentary sequence and extensively extended toward Trans-Indus Salt ranges of North Pakistan. This sequence consists of detrital clastic sediments in the lower level and shallow to deep marine sediments in the upper level. In...
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| Format: | Article |
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Society of Economic Geologists and Mineral Technologists
2015-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Economic and Environment Geology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.econ-environ-geol.org/pdf/jun2015/01.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818327619828973568 |
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| author | Iftikhar Alam M. Waseem Khan Abdul Razzaq |
| author_facet | Iftikhar Alam M. Waseem Khan Abdul Razzaq |
| author_sort | Iftikhar Alam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Western environs of the Indo-Pak Plate are comprised of thick Mesozoic sedimentary sequence and
extensively extended toward Trans-Indus Salt ranges of North Pakistan. This sequence consists of detrital clastic
sediments in the lower level and shallow to deep marine sediments in the upper level. In the Trans-Indus Salt
ranges the Lumshiwal Formation represents the transitional level of the lower Cretaceous sequence. In Surghar
Range the lower part of formation is composed of cyclic alteration of clayey, silty, very fine grained greenish
gray, glauconitic sandstone to rusty brownish gray sandstone. The middle part of formation is comprised of
thick bedded to massive, cliff forming, sugary texture, whitish to light yellowish gray occasionally rusty
brownish gray medium to coarse grained, moderate to well cemented sandstone. The upper part is comprised of
feldspathic, ferruginous, weathering yellowish brown, rusty brown to light gray with locally calcareous
sandstone beds. The sandstone is reddish to brownish gray, coarse to granules texture, moderately cemented
thick bedded to massive. Total thickness of the formation is 220m at Baroch Nala section 230m in Karandi
section at a dip of 60°. Along trend lithological variations and diversified primary sedimentary structures which
classifies fifteen different sub-lithofacie in Lumshiwal. Middle and upper parts of the formation show massive
to thick, current bedded deposits. Lithofacies analysis revealed that the Lumshiwal Formation was deposited in
shallow marine for the lower cyclic part to transitionally prodeltaic to deltaic for the middle to upper part
respectively. High silica contents in the upper part compare to the middle and lower part of the formation. On
the basis of high silica and low alumina with other low fractions of rock fragments, the sandstone is categorized
into quartzarenite, sub-litharenite and sub-arkose. Cross beds in the middle and upper parts of formation indicate
west to east directed Paleo-current system prevailed during deposition of Lumshiwal Formation. Diagenetic and
tectonically induced fractures make the formation exceedingly porous and permeable as suitable reservoir
horizon for the accumulation of hydrocarbon in the Trans-Indus ranges. The same formation has already been
proven as potential reservoir horizon for hydrocarbon in the Kohat Plateau of northwest Pakistan. Secondly, the
formation is dominantly comprised of silica/quartz sandstone (quartzarenite) which can be used as silica sand,
one of the essential raw materials for glass industries. The formation is also comprised of local coal seams
which can be mined for production of coal in the region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T12:19:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f389521127664bd09d39068eb51605c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-957X 2223-957X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T12:19:09Z |
| publishDate | 2015-12-01 |
| publisher | Society of Economic Geologists and Mineral Technologists |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Economic and Environment Geology |
| spelling | doaj.art-f389521127664bd09d39068eb51605c32022-12-21T23:46:38ZengSociety of Economic Geologists and Mineral TechnologistsInternational Journal of Economic and Environment Geology2223-957X2223-957X2015-12-0162110Lithofacies Architecturing and Hydrocarbon Reservoir Potential of Lumshiwal Formation: Surghar Range, Trans-Indus Ranges, North PakistanIftikhar Alam0M. Waseem Khan 1Abdul Razzaq2Atomic Energy Minerals Centre, Lahore, PakistanAtomic Energy Minerals Centre, Lahore, PakistanAtomic Energy Minerals Centre, Lahore, PakistanWestern environs of the Indo-Pak Plate are comprised of thick Mesozoic sedimentary sequence and extensively extended toward Trans-Indus Salt ranges of North Pakistan. This sequence consists of detrital clastic sediments in the lower level and shallow to deep marine sediments in the upper level. In the Trans-Indus Salt ranges the Lumshiwal Formation represents the transitional level of the lower Cretaceous sequence. In Surghar Range the lower part of formation is composed of cyclic alteration of clayey, silty, very fine grained greenish gray, glauconitic sandstone to rusty brownish gray sandstone. The middle part of formation is comprised of thick bedded to massive, cliff forming, sugary texture, whitish to light yellowish gray occasionally rusty brownish gray medium to coarse grained, moderate to well cemented sandstone. The upper part is comprised of feldspathic, ferruginous, weathering yellowish brown, rusty brown to light gray with locally calcareous sandstone beds. The sandstone is reddish to brownish gray, coarse to granules texture, moderately cemented thick bedded to massive. Total thickness of the formation is 220m at Baroch Nala section 230m in Karandi section at a dip of 60°. Along trend lithological variations and diversified primary sedimentary structures which classifies fifteen different sub-lithofacie in Lumshiwal. Middle and upper parts of the formation show massive to thick, current bedded deposits. Lithofacies analysis revealed that the Lumshiwal Formation was deposited in shallow marine for the lower cyclic part to transitionally prodeltaic to deltaic for the middle to upper part respectively. High silica contents in the upper part compare to the middle and lower part of the formation. On the basis of high silica and low alumina with other low fractions of rock fragments, the sandstone is categorized into quartzarenite, sub-litharenite and sub-arkose. Cross beds in the middle and upper parts of formation indicate west to east directed Paleo-current system prevailed during deposition of Lumshiwal Formation. Diagenetic and tectonically induced fractures make the formation exceedingly porous and permeable as suitable reservoir horizon for the accumulation of hydrocarbon in the Trans-Indus ranges. The same formation has already been proven as potential reservoir horizon for hydrocarbon in the Kohat Plateau of northwest Pakistan. Secondly, the formation is dominantly comprised of silica/quartz sandstone (quartzarenite) which can be used as silica sand, one of the essential raw materials for glass industries. The formation is also comprised of local coal seams which can be mined for production of coal in the region.http://www.econ-environ-geol.org/pdf/jun2015/01.pdfLumshiwalsandstonelithofaciesgeochemistrySurgharquartzarenite. |
| spellingShingle | Iftikhar Alam M. Waseem Khan Abdul Razzaq Lithofacies Architecturing and Hydrocarbon Reservoir Potential of Lumshiwal Formation: Surghar Range, Trans-Indus Ranges, North Pakistan International Journal of Economic and Environment Geology Lumshiwal sandstone lithofacies geochemistry Surghar quartzarenite. |
| title | Lithofacies Architecturing and Hydrocarbon Reservoir Potential of Lumshiwal Formation: Surghar Range, Trans-Indus Ranges, North Pakistan |
| title_full | Lithofacies Architecturing and Hydrocarbon Reservoir Potential of Lumshiwal Formation: Surghar Range, Trans-Indus Ranges, North Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Lithofacies Architecturing and Hydrocarbon Reservoir Potential of Lumshiwal Formation: Surghar Range, Trans-Indus Ranges, North Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lithofacies Architecturing and Hydrocarbon Reservoir Potential of Lumshiwal Formation: Surghar Range, Trans-Indus Ranges, North Pakistan |
| title_short | Lithofacies Architecturing and Hydrocarbon Reservoir Potential of Lumshiwal Formation: Surghar Range, Trans-Indus Ranges, North Pakistan |
| title_sort | lithofacies architecturing and hydrocarbon reservoir potential of lumshiwal formation surghar range trans indus ranges north pakistan |
| topic | Lumshiwal sandstone lithofacies geochemistry Surghar quartzarenite. |
| url | http://www.econ-environ-geol.org/pdf/jun2015/01.pdf |
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