TiO<sub>2</sub>-Supported Pd as an Efficient and Stable Catalyst for the Mild Hydrotreatment of Tar-Type Compounds
The mild hydrotreatment of a model mixture of tar-type compounds (i.e., naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, acenaphthylene, and phenanthrene) to produce partially hydrogenated products in the range of C9–C15 was studied over Pd supported on TiO<sub>2</sub> possessing different crystalline...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/9/2380 |
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| author | Zaher Raad Joumana Toufaily Tayssir Hamieh Marcelo E. Domine |
| author_facet | Zaher Raad Joumana Toufaily Tayssir Hamieh Marcelo E. Domine |
| author_sort | Zaher Raad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mild hydrotreatment of a model mixture of tar-type compounds (i.e., naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, acenaphthylene, and phenanthrene) to produce partially hydrogenated products in the range of C9–C15 was studied over Pd supported on TiO<sub>2</sub> possessing different crystalline phases. Pd-based catalysts were prepared and characterized by ICP analysis, XRD, N<sub>2</sub> adsorption isotherms, HR-TEM, and NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, among others. The hydrotreatment activity and selectivity towards the desired hydrogenated products (i.e., tetralin and others) increased with both the acidity and surface area of the catalyst, along with the presence of small and well distributed Pd nanoparticles. For the selected 1.3 wt% Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub> nano catalyst, the operational conditions for maximizing tar conversion were found to be 275 °C, 30 bar of H<sub>2</sub>, and 0.2 g of catalyst for 7 h. The catalyst revealed remarkable hydrotreatment activity and stability after several reuses with practically no changes in TiO<sub>2</sub> structure, quite low carbon deposition, and any Pd leaching detected, thus maintaining both a small Pd particle size and adequate distribution, even after regeneration of the catalyst. Additionally, the Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub> nano catalyst was demonstrated to be more active than other commonly used metal/alumina and more selective than metal/USY zeolites in the mild hydrotreatment of tar-type compounds, thus providing an efficient catalytic route for obtaining partially hydrogenated C9–C15 hydrocarbons useful as jet-fuel components or additives (improvers), as well as chemicals and solvents for industrial applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:22:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3942137947f49228a99529d36d6421a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:22:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3942137947f49228a99529d36d6421a2023-11-22T14:31:37ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-09-01119238010.3390/nano11092380TiO<sub>2</sub>-Supported Pd as an Efficient and Stable Catalyst for the Mild Hydrotreatment of Tar-Type CompoundsZaher Raad0Joumana Toufaily1Tayssir Hamieh2Marcelo E. Domine3Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainLaboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes Analytiques (MCEMA), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beyrouth 1003, LebanonLaboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes Analytiques (MCEMA), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beyrouth 1003, LebanonInstituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainThe mild hydrotreatment of a model mixture of tar-type compounds (i.e., naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, acenaphthylene, and phenanthrene) to produce partially hydrogenated products in the range of C9–C15 was studied over Pd supported on TiO<sub>2</sub> possessing different crystalline phases. Pd-based catalysts were prepared and characterized by ICP analysis, XRD, N<sub>2</sub> adsorption isotherms, HR-TEM, and NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, among others. The hydrotreatment activity and selectivity towards the desired hydrogenated products (i.e., tetralin and others) increased with both the acidity and surface area of the catalyst, along with the presence of small and well distributed Pd nanoparticles. For the selected 1.3 wt% Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub> nano catalyst, the operational conditions for maximizing tar conversion were found to be 275 °C, 30 bar of H<sub>2</sub>, and 0.2 g of catalyst for 7 h. The catalyst revealed remarkable hydrotreatment activity and stability after several reuses with practically no changes in TiO<sub>2</sub> structure, quite low carbon deposition, and any Pd leaching detected, thus maintaining both a small Pd particle size and adequate distribution, even after regeneration of the catalyst. Additionally, the Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub> nano catalyst was demonstrated to be more active than other commonly used metal/alumina and more selective than metal/USY zeolites in the mild hydrotreatment of tar-type compounds, thus providing an efficient catalytic route for obtaining partially hydrogenated C9–C15 hydrocarbons useful as jet-fuel components or additives (improvers), as well as chemicals and solvents for industrial applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/9/2380tarsmild hydrotreatmentmetal supportedPd catalystPd on titania |
| spellingShingle | Zaher Raad Joumana Toufaily Tayssir Hamieh Marcelo E. Domine TiO<sub>2</sub>-Supported Pd as an Efficient and Stable Catalyst for the Mild Hydrotreatment of Tar-Type Compounds Nanomaterials tars mild hydrotreatment metal supported Pd catalyst Pd on titania |
| title | TiO<sub>2</sub>-Supported Pd as an Efficient and Stable Catalyst for the Mild Hydrotreatment of Tar-Type Compounds |
| title_full | TiO<sub>2</sub>-Supported Pd as an Efficient and Stable Catalyst for the Mild Hydrotreatment of Tar-Type Compounds |
| title_fullStr | TiO<sub>2</sub>-Supported Pd as an Efficient and Stable Catalyst for the Mild Hydrotreatment of Tar-Type Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | TiO<sub>2</sub>-Supported Pd as an Efficient and Stable Catalyst for the Mild Hydrotreatment of Tar-Type Compounds |
| title_short | TiO<sub>2</sub>-Supported Pd as an Efficient and Stable Catalyst for the Mild Hydrotreatment of Tar-Type Compounds |
| title_sort | tio sub 2 sub supported pd as an efficient and stable catalyst for the mild hydrotreatment of tar type compounds |
| topic | tars mild hydrotreatment metal supported Pd catalyst Pd on titania |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/9/2380 |
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