Effects of Different Parts of the Okra Plant (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) on the Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Synthesis Conditions, Nonlinear Optical and Antibacterial Properties
In this work, stable and spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in situ from silver salt (silver nitrate) using the aqueous extract of the okra plant (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) at room temperature and ambient pH conditions. The influences of different parts of the p...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/23/4174 |
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| author | G. Roshan Deen Fatima Al Hannan Fryad Henari Sultan Akhtar |
| author_facet | G. Roshan Deen Fatima Al Hannan Fryad Henari Sultan Akhtar |
| author_sort | G. Roshan Deen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this work, stable and spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in situ from silver salt (silver nitrate) using the aqueous extract of the okra plant (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) at room temperature and ambient pH conditions. The influences of different parts of the plant (such as the leaves, stems, and pods) on the chemical-reducing effectiveness of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles were investigated. The aqueous extract of the leaves was found to be more effective in the chemical reduction of silver nanoparticles and in stabilizing them at the same time. The silver nanoparticles produced were stable and did not precipitate even after storage for 1 month. The extract of the stem was less effective in the reduction capacity followed by the extract of the pods. The results indicate that the different amounts of phytochemicals present in the leaves, stems, and pods of the okra plant are responsible for the chemical reduction and stabilizing effect. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 460 nm confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were spherical with an average size of 16 nm and polycrystalline with face-centered cubic (fcc) structures. The z-scan technique was used to study the nonlinear refraction and absorption coefficients of AgNPs at wavelengths of 488 and 514 nm under C.W. mode excitation. The nonlinear refraction index and nonlinear absorption coefficients were calculated in the theoretical equations in the experimental data. The antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:39:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f399f172b24045d1b040ed86f8da793b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:39:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-f399f172b24045d1b040ed86f8da793b2023-11-24T11:46:41ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-11-011223417410.3390/nano12234174Effects of Different Parts of the Okra Plant (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) on the Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Synthesis Conditions, Nonlinear Optical and Antibacterial PropertiesG. Roshan Deen0Fatima Al Hannan1Fryad Henari2Sultan Akhtar3Materials for Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen 228, BahrainMaterials for Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen 228, BahrainMaterials for Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen 228, BahrainDepartment of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaIn this work, stable and spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in situ from silver salt (silver nitrate) using the aqueous extract of the okra plant (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) at room temperature and ambient pH conditions. The influences of different parts of the plant (such as the leaves, stems, and pods) on the chemical-reducing effectiveness of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles were investigated. The aqueous extract of the leaves was found to be more effective in the chemical reduction of silver nanoparticles and in stabilizing them at the same time. The silver nanoparticles produced were stable and did not precipitate even after storage for 1 month. The extract of the stem was less effective in the reduction capacity followed by the extract of the pods. The results indicate that the different amounts of phytochemicals present in the leaves, stems, and pods of the okra plant are responsible for the chemical reduction and stabilizing effect. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 460 nm confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were spherical with an average size of 16 nm and polycrystalline with face-centered cubic (fcc) structures. The z-scan technique was used to study the nonlinear refraction and absorption coefficients of AgNPs at wavelengths of 488 and 514 nm under C.W. mode excitation. The nonlinear refraction index and nonlinear absorption coefficients were calculated in the theoretical equations in the experimental data. The antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/23/4174okra leaves<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>silver nanoparticlessurface-plasmon resonancenonlinear optical propertyantibacterial activity |
| spellingShingle | G. Roshan Deen Fatima Al Hannan Fryad Henari Sultan Akhtar Effects of Different Parts of the Okra Plant (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) on the Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Synthesis Conditions, Nonlinear Optical and Antibacterial Properties Nanomaterials okra leaves <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> silver nanoparticles surface-plasmon resonance nonlinear optical property antibacterial activity |
| title | Effects of Different Parts of the Okra Plant (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) on the Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Synthesis Conditions, Nonlinear Optical and Antibacterial Properties |
| title_full | Effects of Different Parts of the Okra Plant (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) on the Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Synthesis Conditions, Nonlinear Optical and Antibacterial Properties |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Different Parts of the Okra Plant (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) on the Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Synthesis Conditions, Nonlinear Optical and Antibacterial Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Different Parts of the Okra Plant (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) on the Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Synthesis Conditions, Nonlinear Optical and Antibacterial Properties |
| title_short | Effects of Different Parts of the Okra Plant (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) on the Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Synthesis Conditions, Nonlinear Optical and Antibacterial Properties |
| title_sort | effects of different parts of the okra plant i abelmoschus esculentus i on the phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles evaluation of synthesis conditions nonlinear optical and antibacterial properties |
| topic | okra leaves <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> silver nanoparticles surface-plasmon resonance nonlinear optical property antibacterial activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/23/4174 |
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