The role of bacterial metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
The review deals with the role of aromatic amino acids and their microbial metabolites in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Pathological changes typical for NAFLD, as well as abnormal composition and/or functional activity of gut microbiota, results in abn...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Russian |
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MONIKI
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Alʹmanah Kliničeskoj Mediciny |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1400 |
| _version_ | 1819091161115000832 |
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| author | E. S. Shcherbakova T. S. Sall S. I. Sitkin T. Ya. Vakhitov E. V. Demyanova |
| author_facet | E. S. Shcherbakova T. S. Sall S. I. Sitkin T. Ya. Vakhitov E. V. Demyanova |
| author_sort | E. S. Shcherbakova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The review deals with the role of aromatic amino acids and their microbial metabolites in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Pathological changes typical for NAFLD, as well as abnormal composition and/or functional activity of gut microbiota, results in abnormal aromatic amino acid metabolism. The authors discuss the potential of these amino acids and their bacterial metabolites to produce both negative and positive impact on the main steps of NAFLD pathophysiology, such as lipogenesis and inflammation, as well as on the liver functions through regulation of the intestinal barrier and microbiota-gut-liver axis signaling. The review gives detailed description of the mechanism of biological activity of tryptophan and its derivatives (indole, tryptamine, indole-lactic, indole-propyonic, indole-acetic acids, and indole-3-aldehyde) through the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), preventing the development of liver steatosis. Bacteria-produced phenyl-alanine metabolites could promote liver steatosis (phenyl acetic and phenyl lactic acids) or, on the contrary, could reduce liver inflammation and increase insulin sensitivity (phenyl propionic acid). Tyramine, para-cumarate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acids, being by-products of bacterial catabolism of tyrosine, can prevent NAFLD, whereas para-cresol and phenol accelerate the progression of NAFLD by damaging the barrier properties of intestinal epithelium. Abnormalities in bacterial catabolism of tyrosine, leading to its excess, stimulate fatty acid synthesis and promote lipid infiltration of the liver. The authors emphasize a close interplay between bacterial metabolism of aromatic amino acids by gut microbiota and the functioning of the human body. They hypothesize that microbial metabolites of aromatic amino acids may represent not only therapeutic targets or non-invasive biomarkers, but also serve as bioactive agents for NAFLD treatment and prevention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:35:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f39a193848ac40edb89f895a766166c8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-0505 2587-9294 |
| language | Russian |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:35:19Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MONIKI |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Alʹmanah Kliničeskoj Mediciny |
| spelling | doaj.art-f39a193848ac40edb89f895a766166c82022-12-21T18:47:59ZrusMONIKIAlʹmanah Kliničeskoj Mediciny2072-05052587-92942020-12-0148637538610.18786/2072-0505-2020-48-066766The role of bacterial metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseE. S. Shcherbakova0T. S. Sall1S. I. Sitkin2T. Ya. Vakhitov3E. V. Demyanova4State Research Institute of Especially Purified BioproductsState Research Institute of Especially Purified BioproductsState Research Institute of Especially Purified Bioproducts; North Western State Medical University named after I.I. MechnikovState Research Institute of Especially Purified BioproductsState Research Institute of Especially Purified BioproductsThe review deals with the role of aromatic amino acids and their microbial metabolites in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Pathological changes typical for NAFLD, as well as abnormal composition and/or functional activity of gut microbiota, results in abnormal aromatic amino acid metabolism. The authors discuss the potential of these amino acids and their bacterial metabolites to produce both negative and positive impact on the main steps of NAFLD pathophysiology, such as lipogenesis and inflammation, as well as on the liver functions through regulation of the intestinal barrier and microbiota-gut-liver axis signaling. The review gives detailed description of the mechanism of biological activity of tryptophan and its derivatives (indole, tryptamine, indole-lactic, indole-propyonic, indole-acetic acids, and indole-3-aldehyde) through the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), preventing the development of liver steatosis. Bacteria-produced phenyl-alanine metabolites could promote liver steatosis (phenyl acetic and phenyl lactic acids) or, on the contrary, could reduce liver inflammation and increase insulin sensitivity (phenyl propionic acid). Tyramine, para-cumarate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acids, being by-products of bacterial catabolism of tyrosine, can prevent NAFLD, whereas para-cresol and phenol accelerate the progression of NAFLD by damaging the barrier properties of intestinal epithelium. Abnormalities in bacterial catabolism of tyrosine, leading to its excess, stimulate fatty acid synthesis and promote lipid infiltration of the liver. The authors emphasize a close interplay between bacterial metabolism of aromatic amino acids by gut microbiota and the functioning of the human body. They hypothesize that microbial metabolites of aromatic amino acids may represent not only therapeutic targets or non-invasive biomarkers, but also serve as bioactive agents for NAFLD treatment and prevention.https://www.almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1400non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaselipogenesisinflammationaromatic amino acidsgut microbiotamicrobial metabolitesintestinal barrier |
| spellingShingle | E. S. Shcherbakova T. S. Sall S. I. Sitkin T. Ya. Vakhitov E. V. Demyanova The role of bacterial metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Alʹmanah Kliničeskoj Mediciny non-alcoholic fatty liver disease lipogenesis inflammation aromatic amino acids gut microbiota microbial metabolites intestinal barrier |
| title | The role of bacterial metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| title_full | The role of bacterial metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| title_fullStr | The role of bacterial metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of bacterial metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| title_short | The role of bacterial metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| title_sort | role of bacterial metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids in non alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| topic | non-alcoholic fatty liver disease lipogenesis inflammation aromatic amino acids gut microbiota microbial metabolites intestinal barrier |
| url | https://www.almclinmed.ru/jour/article/view/1400 |
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