High intestinal parasite infection detected in children from Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (R.A.A.N.) of Nicaragua
Abstract There is a lack of epidemiological information concerning intestinal parasitic infections, and especially in soil-transmitted helminths, occurring in some departments of Nicaragua. Up to now, this is the first study involving two nearby areas (Puerto Cabezas and Siuna municipalities) of the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09756-y |
| _version_ | 1819045665935720448 |
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| author | Carla Muñoz-Antoli Paloma Pérez Aleyda Pavón Rafael Toledo José Guillermo Esteban |
| author_facet | Carla Muñoz-Antoli Paloma Pérez Aleyda Pavón Rafael Toledo José Guillermo Esteban |
| author_sort | Carla Muñoz-Antoli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract There is a lack of epidemiological information concerning intestinal parasitic infections, and especially in soil-transmitted helminths, occurring in some departments of Nicaragua. Up to now, this is the first study involving two nearby areas (Puerto Cabezas and Siuna municipalities) of the Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (R.A.A.N.). One stool sample was analyzed by Kato-Katz, formaldehyde-ethyl acetate concentration method and modified Ziehl–Neelsen technique, and a simple questionnaire concerning demographic, sanitary and behavioral data was distributed among 735 children and evaluated. Overall prevalence of infection reached 97.0%, being the highest prevalences detected in all Nicaragua. The higher protozoan prevalence appears in Siuna (94.5%), a rural interior municipality, with a typical tropical monsoon climate, while the higher helminths rates were reached in Puerto Cabezas (92.8%), the urbanized coastal capital, with a typical tropical rainforest climate. No statistical differences were found with regard to sex. However, the 6–11-year age-group children presented the highest prevalences. Most T. trichiura infections (59.4%) were of light intensity, while 51.7% of Ascaris lumbricoides were of moderate intensity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that those who drink rainwater and walk barefoot were 2.9 and 2.5 times more likely to have helminth infections, respectively. Results from one geographical setting might not be applied to other nearby with different climatic conditions. The use of anthelmintic drugs only will not be sufficient to bring prevalence to low levels. It is necessary to design geographically more specific intervention, with communication and interaction between different disciplines (e.g. parasitology, biochemistry, molecular biology, epidemiology, public health, etc.) being imperative to reduce STH infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:32:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f39bb11c9d7a4096a1443824ec4516b3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:32:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-f39bb11c9d7a4096a1443824ec4516b32022-12-21T19:07:10ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-04-0112111010.1038/s41598-022-09756-yHigh intestinal parasite infection detected in children from Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (R.A.A.N.) of NicaraguaCarla Muñoz-Antoli0Paloma Pérez1Aleyda Pavón2Rafael Toledo3José Guillermo Esteban4Área Parasitología, Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad ValenciaÁrea Parasitología, Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad ValenciaDepartamento Bioanálisis Clínico, Instituto Politécnico de La Salud (IPS-Polisal), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de NicaraguaÁrea Parasitología, Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad ValenciaÁrea Parasitología, Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad Farmacia, Universidad ValenciaAbstract There is a lack of epidemiological information concerning intestinal parasitic infections, and especially in soil-transmitted helminths, occurring in some departments of Nicaragua. Up to now, this is the first study involving two nearby areas (Puerto Cabezas and Siuna municipalities) of the Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (R.A.A.N.). One stool sample was analyzed by Kato-Katz, formaldehyde-ethyl acetate concentration method and modified Ziehl–Neelsen technique, and a simple questionnaire concerning demographic, sanitary and behavioral data was distributed among 735 children and evaluated. Overall prevalence of infection reached 97.0%, being the highest prevalences detected in all Nicaragua. The higher protozoan prevalence appears in Siuna (94.5%), a rural interior municipality, with a typical tropical monsoon climate, while the higher helminths rates were reached in Puerto Cabezas (92.8%), the urbanized coastal capital, with a typical tropical rainforest climate. No statistical differences were found with regard to sex. However, the 6–11-year age-group children presented the highest prevalences. Most T. trichiura infections (59.4%) were of light intensity, while 51.7% of Ascaris lumbricoides were of moderate intensity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that those who drink rainwater and walk barefoot were 2.9 and 2.5 times more likely to have helminth infections, respectively. Results from one geographical setting might not be applied to other nearby with different climatic conditions. The use of anthelmintic drugs only will not be sufficient to bring prevalence to low levels. It is necessary to design geographically more specific intervention, with communication and interaction between different disciplines (e.g. parasitology, biochemistry, molecular biology, epidemiology, public health, etc.) being imperative to reduce STH infection.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09756-y |
| spellingShingle | Carla Muñoz-Antoli Paloma Pérez Aleyda Pavón Rafael Toledo José Guillermo Esteban High intestinal parasite infection detected in children from Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (R.A.A.N.) of Nicaragua Scientific Reports |
| title | High intestinal parasite infection detected in children from Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (R.A.A.N.) of Nicaragua |
| title_full | High intestinal parasite infection detected in children from Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (R.A.A.N.) of Nicaragua |
| title_fullStr | High intestinal parasite infection detected in children from Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (R.A.A.N.) of Nicaragua |
| title_full_unstemmed | High intestinal parasite infection detected in children from Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (R.A.A.N.) of Nicaragua |
| title_short | High intestinal parasite infection detected in children from Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (R.A.A.N.) of Nicaragua |
| title_sort | high intestinal parasite infection detected in children from region autonoma atlantico norte r a a n of nicaragua |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09756-y |
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