Protective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline on Spinal Cord Damage in Rats
The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of molecular hydrogen, delivered as hydrogen-rich saline (HRS), on spinal cord injury was investigated. Four-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats (<i>n</i> = 24) were classified into four groups: (1) control—laminectomy only at T7-T10; (2) s...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/4/527 |
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| author | Murat Kayabaş Levent Şahin Mustafa Makav Duried Alwazeer Levent Aras Serdar Yiğit Tyler W. LeBaron |
| author_facet | Murat Kayabaş Levent Şahin Mustafa Makav Duried Alwazeer Levent Aras Serdar Yiğit Tyler W. LeBaron |
| author_sort | Murat Kayabaş |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of molecular hydrogen, delivered as hydrogen-rich saline (HRS), on spinal cord injury was investigated. Four-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats (<i>n</i> = 24) were classified into four groups: (1) control—laminectomy only at T7-T10; (2) spinal injury—dura left intact, Tator and Rivlin clip compression model applied to the spinal cord for 1 min, no treatment given; (3) HRS group—applied intraperitoneally (i.p.) for seven days; and (4) spinal injury—HRS administered i.p. for seven days after laminectomy at T7–T10 level, leaving the dura intact and applying the Tator and Rivlin clip compression model to the spinal cord for 1 min. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured in blood taken at day seven from all groups, and hematoxylin–eosin (H & E) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) were used to stain the tissue samples. IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the group treated with HRS following the spinal cord injury compared to the group whose spinal cord was damaged. A decrease in apoptosis was also observed. The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect of IL-6 may be a clinically useful adjuvant therapy after spinal cord injury. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:39:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3a220c997ca416787a966d6f1e3ef24 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:39:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3a220c997ca416787a966d6f1e3ef242023-11-17T20:50:12ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472023-04-0116452710.3390/ph16040527Protective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline on Spinal Cord Damage in RatsMurat Kayabaş0Levent Şahin1Mustafa Makav2Duried Alwazeer3Levent Aras4Serdar Yiğit5Tyler W. LeBaron6Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars, TürkiyeDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars, TürkiyeDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Kafkas University, 36040 Kars, TürkiyeDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Iğdır University, 76000 Iğdır, TürkiyeDepartment of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars, TürkiyeDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars, TürkiyeDepartment of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84720, USAThe anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of molecular hydrogen, delivered as hydrogen-rich saline (HRS), on spinal cord injury was investigated. Four-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats (<i>n</i> = 24) were classified into four groups: (1) control—laminectomy only at T7-T10; (2) spinal injury—dura left intact, Tator and Rivlin clip compression model applied to the spinal cord for 1 min, no treatment given; (3) HRS group—applied intraperitoneally (i.p.) for seven days; and (4) spinal injury—HRS administered i.p. for seven days after laminectomy at T7–T10 level, leaving the dura intact and applying the Tator and Rivlin clip compression model to the spinal cord for 1 min. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured in blood taken at day seven from all groups, and hematoxylin–eosin (H & E) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) were used to stain the tissue samples. IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the group treated with HRS following the spinal cord injury compared to the group whose spinal cord was damaged. A decrease in apoptosis was also observed. The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect of IL-6 may be a clinically useful adjuvant therapy after spinal cord injury.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/4/527apoptosiscytokineshydrogen-rich salinereactive oxygen speciesspinal cord injury |
| spellingShingle | Murat Kayabaş Levent Şahin Mustafa Makav Duried Alwazeer Levent Aras Serdar Yiğit Tyler W. LeBaron Protective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline on Spinal Cord Damage in Rats Pharmaceuticals apoptosis cytokines hydrogen-rich saline reactive oxygen species spinal cord injury |
| title | Protective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline on Spinal Cord Damage in Rats |
| title_full | Protective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline on Spinal Cord Damage in Rats |
| title_fullStr | Protective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline on Spinal Cord Damage in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline on Spinal Cord Damage in Rats |
| title_short | Protective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline on Spinal Cord Damage in Rats |
| title_sort | protective effect of hydrogen rich saline on spinal cord damage in rats |
| topic | apoptosis cytokines hydrogen-rich saline reactive oxygen species spinal cord injury |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/4/527 |
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