Associations between Incense-Burning Temples and Respiratory Mortality in Hong Kong
Incense burning is an important topic facing many countries in Asia. As a highly urbanized area, the overlapping of urban functional blocks in Hong Kong has resulted in many temples being located near residential and commercial areas. Therefore, the pollutants emitted by temples’ incense burning cou...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/6/774 |
| _version_ | 1797530021056741376 |
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| author | Wen Hui Cai Paulina Pui Yun Wong |
| author_facet | Wen Hui Cai Paulina Pui Yun Wong |
| author_sort | Wen Hui Cai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Incense burning is an important topic facing many countries in Asia. As a highly urbanized area, the overlapping of urban functional blocks in Hong Kong has resulted in many temples being located near residential and commercial areas. Therefore, the pollutants emitted by temples’ incense burning could cause severe health problems to the population. This study identified 366 Hong Kong temples and classified them into four categories: open, semi-closed, closed, and non-active, according to their incense burning characteristics. Among them, open temples have the largest average area and least quantity. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that building density, greenery density, water density, and temple weight are the most highly influencing factors. The temple weight is the only loading factor with a contributing factor from PC2, especially in 2006 and 2011. Furthermore, the linear regression model has been applied to analyze the correlation between variables. Although this study did not reach conclusive results about the actual impact of each temple type, the model results confirm that the temple is a sub-factor to respiratory mortality. This provides the theoretical foundation for government policy establishment of temple construction planning and community optimization in Asian cities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:22:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3a547a6cc8a438da1d8d79a25c6c826 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:22:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3a547a6cc8a438da1d8d79a25c6c8262023-11-22T00:18:22ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-06-0112677410.3390/atmos12060774Associations between Incense-Burning Temples and Respiratory Mortality in Hong KongWen Hui Cai0Paulina Pui Yun Wong1Science Unit, Lingnan University, Hong KongScience Unit, Lingnan University, Hong KongIncense burning is an important topic facing many countries in Asia. As a highly urbanized area, the overlapping of urban functional blocks in Hong Kong has resulted in many temples being located near residential and commercial areas. Therefore, the pollutants emitted by temples’ incense burning could cause severe health problems to the population. This study identified 366 Hong Kong temples and classified them into four categories: open, semi-closed, closed, and non-active, according to their incense burning characteristics. Among them, open temples have the largest average area and least quantity. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that building density, greenery density, water density, and temple weight are the most highly influencing factors. The temple weight is the only loading factor with a contributing factor from PC2, especially in 2006 and 2011. Furthermore, the linear regression model has been applied to analyze the correlation between variables. Although this study did not reach conclusive results about the actual impact of each temple type, the model results confirm that the temple is a sub-factor to respiratory mortality. This provides the theoretical foundation for government policy establishment of temple construction planning and community optimization in Asian cities.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/6/774incense burningtemplerespiratory healthmortalitybuild environment |
| spellingShingle | Wen Hui Cai Paulina Pui Yun Wong Associations between Incense-Burning Temples and Respiratory Mortality in Hong Kong Atmosphere incense burning temple respiratory health mortality build environment |
| title | Associations between Incense-Burning Temples and Respiratory Mortality in Hong Kong |
| title_full | Associations between Incense-Burning Temples and Respiratory Mortality in Hong Kong |
| title_fullStr | Associations between Incense-Burning Temples and Respiratory Mortality in Hong Kong |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations between Incense-Burning Temples and Respiratory Mortality in Hong Kong |
| title_short | Associations between Incense-Burning Temples and Respiratory Mortality in Hong Kong |
| title_sort | associations between incense burning temples and respiratory mortality in hong kong |
| topic | incense burning temple respiratory health mortality build environment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/6/774 |
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