Comprehensive Enhancement in Thermomechanical Performance of Melt-Extruded PEEK Filaments by Graphene Incorporation
A simple and scalable fabrication process of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs)-reinforced polyether ether ketone (PEEK) filaments with enhanced mechanical and thermal performance was successfully demonstrated in this work. The developed PEEK–GnP nanocomposite filaments by a melt-extrusion process showed...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1425 |
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| author | Srinivasarao Yaragalla Muhammad Zahid Jaya Kumar Panda Nikolaos Tsagarakis Roberto Cingolani Athanassia Athanassiou |
| author_facet | Srinivasarao Yaragalla Muhammad Zahid Jaya Kumar Panda Nikolaos Tsagarakis Roberto Cingolani Athanassia Athanassiou |
| author_sort | Srinivasarao Yaragalla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A simple and scalable fabrication process of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs)-reinforced polyether ether ketone (PEEK) filaments with enhanced mechanical and thermal performance was successfully demonstrated in this work. The developed PEEK–GnP nanocomposite filaments by a melt-extrusion process showed excellent improvement in storage modulus at 30 °C (61%), and significant enhancement in tensile strength (34%), Young’s modulus (25%), and elongation at break (37%) when GnP content of 1.0 wt.% was used for the neat PEEK. Moreover, the GnPs addition to the PEEK enhanced the thermal stability of the polymer matrix. Improvement in mechanical and thermal properties was attributed to the improved dispersion of GnP inside PEEK, which could form a stronger/robust interface through hydrogen bonding and π–π* interactions. The obtained mechanical properties were also correlated to the mechanical reinforcement models of Guth and Halpin–Tsai. The GnP layers could form agglomerates as the GnP content increases (>1 wt.%), which would decline neat PEEK’s crystallinity and serve as stress concentration sites inside the composite, leading to a deterioration of the mechanical performance. The results demonstrate that the developed PEEK–GnP nanocomposites can be used in highly demanding engineering sectors like 3D printing of aerospace and automotive parts and structural components of humanoid robots and biomedical devices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:52:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3aefa9e113e4af787b055a1da19eda6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:52:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3aefa9e113e4af787b055a1da19eda62023-11-21T17:39:08ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-04-01139142510.3390/polym13091425Comprehensive Enhancement in Thermomechanical Performance of Melt-Extruded PEEK Filaments by Graphene IncorporationSrinivasarao Yaragalla0Muhammad Zahid1Jaya Kumar Panda2Nikolaos Tsagarakis3Roberto Cingolani4Athanassia Athanassiou5Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, ItalySmart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, ItalyGraphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, ItalyHumanoids and Human Centered Mechatronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, ItalyIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, ItalySmart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, ItalyA simple and scalable fabrication process of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs)-reinforced polyether ether ketone (PEEK) filaments with enhanced mechanical and thermal performance was successfully demonstrated in this work. The developed PEEK–GnP nanocomposite filaments by a melt-extrusion process showed excellent improvement in storage modulus at 30 °C (61%), and significant enhancement in tensile strength (34%), Young’s modulus (25%), and elongation at break (37%) when GnP content of 1.0 wt.% was used for the neat PEEK. Moreover, the GnPs addition to the PEEK enhanced the thermal stability of the polymer matrix. Improvement in mechanical and thermal properties was attributed to the improved dispersion of GnP inside PEEK, which could form a stronger/robust interface through hydrogen bonding and π–π* interactions. The obtained mechanical properties were also correlated to the mechanical reinforcement models of Guth and Halpin–Tsai. The GnP layers could form agglomerates as the GnP content increases (>1 wt.%), which would decline neat PEEK’s crystallinity and serve as stress concentration sites inside the composite, leading to a deterioration of the mechanical performance. The results demonstrate that the developed PEEK–GnP nanocomposites can be used in highly demanding engineering sectors like 3D printing of aerospace and automotive parts and structural components of humanoid robots and biomedical devices.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1425graphene nanoplateletsmelt-extrusionpolymer nanocompositesPEEKstorage modulusthermal stability |
| spellingShingle | Srinivasarao Yaragalla Muhammad Zahid Jaya Kumar Panda Nikolaos Tsagarakis Roberto Cingolani Athanassia Athanassiou Comprehensive Enhancement in Thermomechanical Performance of Melt-Extruded PEEK Filaments by Graphene Incorporation Polymers graphene nanoplatelets melt-extrusion polymer nanocomposites PEEK storage modulus thermal stability |
| title | Comprehensive Enhancement in Thermomechanical Performance of Melt-Extruded PEEK Filaments by Graphene Incorporation |
| title_full | Comprehensive Enhancement in Thermomechanical Performance of Melt-Extruded PEEK Filaments by Graphene Incorporation |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive Enhancement in Thermomechanical Performance of Melt-Extruded PEEK Filaments by Graphene Incorporation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive Enhancement in Thermomechanical Performance of Melt-Extruded PEEK Filaments by Graphene Incorporation |
| title_short | Comprehensive Enhancement in Thermomechanical Performance of Melt-Extruded PEEK Filaments by Graphene Incorporation |
| title_sort | comprehensive enhancement in thermomechanical performance of melt extruded peek filaments by graphene incorporation |
| topic | graphene nanoplatelets melt-extrusion polymer nanocomposites PEEK storage modulus thermal stability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1425 |
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