Identification and Engineering of Aptamers for Theranostic Application in Human Health and Disorders
An aptamer is a short sequence of synthetic oligonucleotides which bind to their cognate target, specifically while maintaining similar or higher sensitivity compared to an antibody. The in-vitro selection of an aptamer, applying a conjoining approach of chemistry and molecular biology, is referred...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Debleena Basu Sourabrata Chakraborty Riddhi Pal Tarun Kumar Sharma Siddik Sarkar |
| author_facet | Debleena Basu Sourabrata Chakraborty Riddhi Pal Tarun Kumar Sharma Siddik Sarkar |
| author_sort | Debleena Basu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An aptamer is a short sequence of synthetic oligonucleotides which bind to their cognate target, specifically while maintaining similar or higher sensitivity compared to an antibody. The in-vitro selection of an aptamer, applying a conjoining approach of chemistry and molecular biology, is referred as Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX). These initial products of SELEX are further modified chemically in an attempt to make them stable in biofluid, avoiding nuclease digestion and renal clearance. While the modification is incorporated, enough care should be taken to maintain its sensitivity and specificity. These modifications and several improvisations have widened the window frame of aptamer applications that are currently not only restricted to in-vitro systems, but have also been used in molecular imaging for disease pathology and treatment. In the food industry, it has been used as sensor for detection of different diseases and fungal infections. In this review, we have discussed a brief history of its journey, along with applications where its role as a therapeutic plus diagnostic (theranostic) tool has been demonstrated. We have also highlighted the potential aptamer-mediated strategies for molecular targeting of COVID-19. Finally, the review focused on its future prospective in immunotherapy, as well as in identification of novel biomarkers in stem cells and also in single cell proteomics (scProteomics) to study intra or inter-tumor heterogeneity at the protein level. Small size, chemical synthesis, low batch variation, cost effectiveness, long shelf life and low immunogenicity provide advantages to the aptamer over the antibody. These physical and chemical properties of aptamers render them as a strong biomedical tool for theranostic purposes over the existing ones. The significance of aptamers in human health was the key finding of this review. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:37:17Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:37:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3b2c868b1814a5b902320e88ae87f9d2023-11-22T13:25:29ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-09-012218966110.3390/ijms22189661Identification and Engineering of Aptamers for Theranostic Application in Human Health and DisordersDebleena Basu0Sourabrata Chakraborty1Riddhi Pal2Tarun Kumar Sharma3Siddik Sarkar4Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Translational Research Unit of Excellence (IICB-TRUE), Kolkata 700091, IndiaCancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Translational Research Unit of Excellence (IICB-TRUE), Kolkata 700091, IndiaCancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Translational Research Unit of Excellence (IICB-TRUE), Kolkata 700091, IndiaAptamer Technology and Diagnostics Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Clinical and Translational Research Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Gurugram 121001, IndiaCancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Translational Research Unit of Excellence (IICB-TRUE), Kolkata 700091, IndiaAn aptamer is a short sequence of synthetic oligonucleotides which bind to their cognate target, specifically while maintaining similar or higher sensitivity compared to an antibody. The in-vitro selection of an aptamer, applying a conjoining approach of chemistry and molecular biology, is referred as Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX). These initial products of SELEX are further modified chemically in an attempt to make them stable in biofluid, avoiding nuclease digestion and renal clearance. While the modification is incorporated, enough care should be taken to maintain its sensitivity and specificity. These modifications and several improvisations have widened the window frame of aptamer applications that are currently not only restricted to in-vitro systems, but have also been used in molecular imaging for disease pathology and treatment. In the food industry, it has been used as sensor for detection of different diseases and fungal infections. In this review, we have discussed a brief history of its journey, along with applications where its role as a therapeutic plus diagnostic (theranostic) tool has been demonstrated. We have also highlighted the potential aptamer-mediated strategies for molecular targeting of COVID-19. Finally, the review focused on its future prospective in immunotherapy, as well as in identification of novel biomarkers in stem cells and also in single cell proteomics (scProteomics) to study intra or inter-tumor heterogeneity at the protein level. Small size, chemical synthesis, low batch variation, cost effectiveness, long shelf life and low immunogenicity provide advantages to the aptamer over the antibody. These physical and chemical properties of aptamers render them as a strong biomedical tool for theranostic purposes over the existing ones. The significance of aptamers in human health was the key finding of this review.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/18/9661aptamersystematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX)aptasensorlateral flow assay (LFA)COVID-19theranostic |
| spellingShingle | Debleena Basu Sourabrata Chakraborty Riddhi Pal Tarun Kumar Sharma Siddik Sarkar Identification and Engineering of Aptamers for Theranostic Application in Human Health and Disorders International Journal of Molecular Sciences aptamer systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) aptasensor lateral flow assay (LFA) COVID-19 theranostic |
| title | Identification and Engineering of Aptamers for Theranostic Application in Human Health and Disorders |
| title_full | Identification and Engineering of Aptamers for Theranostic Application in Human Health and Disorders |
| title_fullStr | Identification and Engineering of Aptamers for Theranostic Application in Human Health and Disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Engineering of Aptamers for Theranostic Application in Human Health and Disorders |
| title_short | Identification and Engineering of Aptamers for Theranostic Application in Human Health and Disorders |
| title_sort | identification and engineering of aptamers for theranostic application in human health and disorders |
| topic | aptamer systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) aptasensor lateral flow assay (LFA) COVID-19 theranostic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/18/9661 |
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