The metabolic consequences of HIV/TB co-infection
Abstract Background The synergy between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis during co-infection of a host is well known. While this synergy is known to be driven by immunological deterioration, the metabolic mechanisms that contribute to the associated disease burde...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-08-01
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| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08505-4 |
| _version_ | 1797453780276477952 |
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| author | Chandré Herbert Laneke Luies Du Toit Loots Aurelia A. Williams |
| author_facet | Chandré Herbert Laneke Luies Du Toit Loots Aurelia A. Williams |
| author_sort | Chandré Herbert |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The synergy between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis during co-infection of a host is well known. While this synergy is known to be driven by immunological deterioration, the metabolic mechanisms that contribute to the associated disease burden experienced during HIV/tuberculosis (TB) co-infection remain poorly understood. Furthermore, while anti-HIV treatments suppress viral replication, these therapeutics give rise to host metabolic disruption and adaptations beyond that induced by only infection or disease. Methods In this study, the serum metabolic profiles of healthy controls, untreated HIV-negative TB-positive patients, untreated HIV/TB co-infected patients, and HIV/TB co-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), were measured using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Since no global metabolic profile for HIV/TB co-infection and the effect of ART has been published to date, this pilot study aimed to elucidate the general areas of metabolism affected during such conditions. Results HIV/TB co-infection induced significant changes to the host’s lipid and protein metabolism, with additional microbial product translocation from the gut to the blood. The results suggest that HIV augments TB synergistically, at least in part, contributing to increased inflammation, oxidative stress, ART-induced mitochondrial damage, and its detrimental effects on gut health, which in turn, affects energy availability. ART reverses these trends to some extent in HIV/TB co-infected patients but not to that of healthy controls. Conclusion This study generated several new hypotheses that could direct future metabolic studies, which could be combined with other research techniques or methodologies to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these changes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:27:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3c01dd913e347ddbad5d50c536d32df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:27:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3c01dd913e347ddbad5d50c536d32df2023-11-26T12:27:37ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342023-08-0123112110.1186/s12879-023-08505-4The metabolic consequences of HIV/TB co-infectionChandré Herbert0Laneke Luies1Du Toit Loots2Aurelia A. Williams3Human Metabolomics, North-West UniversityHuman Metabolomics, North-West UniversityHuman Metabolomics, North-West UniversityHuman Metabolomics, North-West UniversityAbstract Background The synergy between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis during co-infection of a host is well known. While this synergy is known to be driven by immunological deterioration, the metabolic mechanisms that contribute to the associated disease burden experienced during HIV/tuberculosis (TB) co-infection remain poorly understood. Furthermore, while anti-HIV treatments suppress viral replication, these therapeutics give rise to host metabolic disruption and adaptations beyond that induced by only infection or disease. Methods In this study, the serum metabolic profiles of healthy controls, untreated HIV-negative TB-positive patients, untreated HIV/TB co-infected patients, and HIV/TB co-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), were measured using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Since no global metabolic profile for HIV/TB co-infection and the effect of ART has been published to date, this pilot study aimed to elucidate the general areas of metabolism affected during such conditions. Results HIV/TB co-infection induced significant changes to the host’s lipid and protein metabolism, with additional microbial product translocation from the gut to the blood. The results suggest that HIV augments TB synergistically, at least in part, contributing to increased inflammation, oxidative stress, ART-induced mitochondrial damage, and its detrimental effects on gut health, which in turn, affects energy availability. ART reverses these trends to some extent in HIV/TB co-infected patients but not to that of healthy controls. Conclusion This study generated several new hypotheses that could direct future metabolic studies, which could be combined with other research techniques or methodologies to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these changes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08505-4HIV/AIDSTuberculosisHIV/TB co-infectionMetabolomicsMetabolismGCxGC-TOFMS |
| spellingShingle | Chandré Herbert Laneke Luies Du Toit Loots Aurelia A. Williams The metabolic consequences of HIV/TB co-infection BMC Infectious Diseases HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis HIV/TB co-infection Metabolomics Metabolism GCxGC-TOFMS |
| title | The metabolic consequences of HIV/TB co-infection |
| title_full | The metabolic consequences of HIV/TB co-infection |
| title_fullStr | The metabolic consequences of HIV/TB co-infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | The metabolic consequences of HIV/TB co-infection |
| title_short | The metabolic consequences of HIV/TB co-infection |
| title_sort | metabolic consequences of hiv tb co infection |
| topic | HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis HIV/TB co-infection Metabolomics Metabolism GCxGC-TOFMS |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08505-4 |
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