Widespread Infection with Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Free-Ranging Dogs and Wild Foxes Across Six Bioclimatic Regions of Chile
Blood samples of 626 rural dogs, 140 Andean foxes (<i>Lycalopex culpaeus</i>), and 83 South American grey foxes (<i>L. griseus</i>) from six bioregions of Chile spanning 3000 km were screened for <i>Mycoplasma</i> DNA by conventional PCR and sequencing. Risk facto...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/5/919 |
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| author | Sophia Di Cataldo Aitor Cevidanes Claudia Ulloa-Contreras Irene Sacristán Diego Peñaloza-Madrid Juliana Vianna Daniel González-Acuña Nicole Sallaberry-Pincheira Javier Cabello Constanza Napolitano Ezequiel Hidalgo-Hermoso Gerardo Acosta-Jamett Javier Millán |
| author_facet | Sophia Di Cataldo Aitor Cevidanes Claudia Ulloa-Contreras Irene Sacristán Diego Peñaloza-Madrid Juliana Vianna Daniel González-Acuña Nicole Sallaberry-Pincheira Javier Cabello Constanza Napolitano Ezequiel Hidalgo-Hermoso Gerardo Acosta-Jamett Javier Millán |
| author_sort | Sophia Di Cataldo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Blood samples of 626 rural dogs, 140 Andean foxes (<i>Lycalopex culpaeus</i>), and 83 South American grey foxes (<i>L. griseus</i>) from six bioregions of Chile spanning 3000 km were screened for <i>Mycoplasma</i> DNA by conventional PCR and sequencing. Risk factors of infection were inferred using Generalized Linear Mixed Models and genetic structure by network analyses. Overall, <i>Mycoplasma haemocanis</i>/<i>Mycoplasma haemofelis</i> (<i>Mhc</i>/<i>Mhf</i>) and <i>Candidatus</i> Mycoplasma haematoparvum (<i>C</i>Mhp) observed prevalence was 23.8% and 12.8% in dogs, 20.1% and 7.2% in Andean foxes, and 26.5% and 8.4% in grey foxes, respectively. Both hemoplasmas were confirmed in all the bioregions, with higher prevalence in those where ticks from the <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> species group were absent. <i>Candidatus</i> M. haematominutum and a <i>Mycoplasma</i> sp. previously found in South American carnivores were detected in one fox each. Although the most prevalent <i>Mhc/Mhf</i> and <i>C</i>Mhp sequence types were shared between dogs and foxes, network analysis revealed genetic structure of <i>Mhc/Mhf</i> between hosts in some regions. Male sex was associated with a higher risk of <i>Mhc/Mhf</i> and <i>C</i>Mhp infection in dogs, and adult age with <i>C</i>Mhp infection, suggesting that direct transmission is relevant. No risk factor was identified in foxes. Our study provides novel information about canine hemoplasmas with relevance in distribution, transmission routes, and cross-species transmission. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:00:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3c2342687ee4a068fb1df6dc16ce987 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:00:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3c2342687ee4a068fb1df6dc16ce9872023-11-21T17:01:46ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-04-019591910.3390/microorganisms9050919Widespread Infection with Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Free-Ranging Dogs and Wild Foxes Across Six Bioclimatic Regions of ChileSophia Di Cataldo0Aitor Cevidanes1Claudia Ulloa-Contreras2Irene Sacristán3Diego Peñaloza-Madrid4Juliana Vianna5Daniel González-Acuña6Nicole Sallaberry-Pincheira7Javier Cabello8Constanza Napolitano9Ezequiel Hidalgo-Hermoso10Gerardo Acosta-Jamett11Javier Millán12PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago 8320000, ChileFacultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago 8320000, ChileFacultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8320000, ChileFacultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago 8320000, ChileParque Safari Chile, Ruta H-30, Km 5, Camino A Doñihue S/N, Rancagua, O’Higgins 2820000, ChileDepartamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 8320000, ChileDepartamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Chillán 4070386, ChileUnidad de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago 8320000, ChileFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt 5480000, ChileDepartamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Av. Fuchslocher 1305, Osorno 5290000, ChileConservation and Research Department, Parque Zoológico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, ChileInstituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria y Programa de Investigación Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia 5091000, ChileFacultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago 8320000, ChileBlood samples of 626 rural dogs, 140 Andean foxes (<i>Lycalopex culpaeus</i>), and 83 South American grey foxes (<i>L. griseus</i>) from six bioregions of Chile spanning 3000 km were screened for <i>Mycoplasma</i> DNA by conventional PCR and sequencing. Risk factors of infection were inferred using Generalized Linear Mixed Models and genetic structure by network analyses. Overall, <i>Mycoplasma haemocanis</i>/<i>Mycoplasma haemofelis</i> (<i>Mhc</i>/<i>Mhf</i>) and <i>Candidatus</i> Mycoplasma haematoparvum (<i>C</i>Mhp) observed prevalence was 23.8% and 12.8% in dogs, 20.1% and 7.2% in Andean foxes, and 26.5% and 8.4% in grey foxes, respectively. Both hemoplasmas were confirmed in all the bioregions, with higher prevalence in those where ticks from the <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> species group were absent. <i>Candidatus</i> M. haematominutum and a <i>Mycoplasma</i> sp. previously found in South American carnivores were detected in one fox each. Although the most prevalent <i>Mhc/Mhf</i> and <i>C</i>Mhp sequence types were shared between dogs and foxes, network analysis revealed genetic structure of <i>Mhc/Mhf</i> between hosts in some regions. Male sex was associated with a higher risk of <i>Mhc/Mhf</i> and <i>C</i>Mhp infection in dogs, and adult age with <i>C</i>Mhp infection, suggesting that direct transmission is relevant. No risk factor was identified in foxes. Our study provides novel information about canine hemoplasmas with relevance in distribution, transmission routes, and cross-species transmission.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/5/919Canidaechillaculpeo<i>Mollicutes</i>South America |
| spellingShingle | Sophia Di Cataldo Aitor Cevidanes Claudia Ulloa-Contreras Irene Sacristán Diego Peñaloza-Madrid Juliana Vianna Daniel González-Acuña Nicole Sallaberry-Pincheira Javier Cabello Constanza Napolitano Ezequiel Hidalgo-Hermoso Gerardo Acosta-Jamett Javier Millán Widespread Infection with Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Free-Ranging Dogs and Wild Foxes Across Six Bioclimatic Regions of Chile Microorganisms Canidae chilla culpeo <i>Mollicutes</i> South America |
| title | Widespread Infection with Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Free-Ranging Dogs and Wild Foxes Across Six Bioclimatic Regions of Chile |
| title_full | Widespread Infection with Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Free-Ranging Dogs and Wild Foxes Across Six Bioclimatic Regions of Chile |
| title_fullStr | Widespread Infection with Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Free-Ranging Dogs and Wild Foxes Across Six Bioclimatic Regions of Chile |
| title_full_unstemmed | Widespread Infection with Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Free-Ranging Dogs and Wild Foxes Across Six Bioclimatic Regions of Chile |
| title_short | Widespread Infection with Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Free-Ranging Dogs and Wild Foxes Across Six Bioclimatic Regions of Chile |
| title_sort | widespread infection with hemotropic mycoplasmas in free ranging dogs and wild foxes across six bioclimatic regions of chile |
| topic | Canidae chilla culpeo <i>Mollicutes</i> South America |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/5/919 |
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