Development of fibrocartilage layers in the anterior cruciate ligament insertion in rabbits
Abstract Background A detailed evaluation focusing on the fibrocartilage layers in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insertion is necessary to consider regeneration of the insertion. This study examined the development of the fibrocartilage layers in the ACL tibial insertion in rabbits by quantit...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12891-019-2614-0 |
| _version_ | 1811296909519749120 |
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| author | Hirotaka Mutsuzaki Hiromi Nakajima Maika Someji Masataka Sakane |
| author_facet | Hirotaka Mutsuzaki Hiromi Nakajima Maika Someji Masataka Sakane |
| author_sort | Hirotaka Mutsuzaki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background A detailed evaluation focusing on the fibrocartilage layers in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insertion is necessary to consider regeneration of the insertion. This study examined the development of the fibrocartilage layers in the ACL tibial insertion in rabbits by quantitative morphometric evaluations based on histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Methods Male Japanese white rabbits were used because of their history of use for histomorphometric analyses of the ACL insertion and to eliminate the influence of female hormones on the ACL. Six animals were euthanized at each age (1 day and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 weeks); in total, 48 animals were used. Proliferation rate, apoptosis rate, Sox9-positive rate, and chondrocyte number were evaluated. Safranin O-stained glycosaminoglycan (GAG) areas, tidemark length, ACL insertion width, and ACL length were also evaluated. All parameters were compared with those at age 24 weeks of age. Results High levels of chondrocyte proliferation and Sox9 expression continued until 4 and 8 weeks of age, respectively, and then gradually decreased. Chondrocyte apoptosis increased up to 8 weeks. The chondrocyte number, ACL insertion width, ACL length, safranin O-stained GAG areas, and tidemark length gradually increased up to 12 weeks. Conclusion Chondrocytes that displayed chondrocyte proliferation and Sox9 expression increased until 12 weeks of age, in accordance with development of the ACL length and its insertion width. The GAG production and tidemark length also increased until 12 weeks of age. The development of fibrocartilage layers in the ACL insertion was complete at 12 weeks of age. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:55:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3d3802c63e44c2b8f31dc2f059564c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2474 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:55:26Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3d3802c63e44c2b8f31dc2f059564c62022-12-22T02:59:38ZengBMCBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders1471-24742019-05-0120111010.1186/s12891-019-2614-0Development of fibrocartilage layers in the anterior cruciate ligament insertion in rabbitsHirotaka Mutsuzaki0Hiromi Nakajima1Maika Someji2Masataka Sakane3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health SciencesDepartment of Agriculture, Ibaraki UniversityDepartment of Agriculture, Ibaraki UniversityDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tsukuba Gakuen HospitalAbstract Background A detailed evaluation focusing on the fibrocartilage layers in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insertion is necessary to consider regeneration of the insertion. This study examined the development of the fibrocartilage layers in the ACL tibial insertion in rabbits by quantitative morphometric evaluations based on histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Methods Male Japanese white rabbits were used because of their history of use for histomorphometric analyses of the ACL insertion and to eliminate the influence of female hormones on the ACL. Six animals were euthanized at each age (1 day and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 weeks); in total, 48 animals were used. Proliferation rate, apoptosis rate, Sox9-positive rate, and chondrocyte number were evaluated. Safranin O-stained glycosaminoglycan (GAG) areas, tidemark length, ACL insertion width, and ACL length were also evaluated. All parameters were compared with those at age 24 weeks of age. Results High levels of chondrocyte proliferation and Sox9 expression continued until 4 and 8 weeks of age, respectively, and then gradually decreased. Chondrocyte apoptosis increased up to 8 weeks. The chondrocyte number, ACL insertion width, ACL length, safranin O-stained GAG areas, and tidemark length gradually increased up to 12 weeks. Conclusion Chondrocytes that displayed chondrocyte proliferation and Sox9 expression increased until 12 weeks of age, in accordance with development of the ACL length and its insertion width. The GAG production and tidemark length also increased until 12 weeks of age. The development of fibrocartilage layers in the ACL insertion was complete at 12 weeks of age.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12891-019-2614-0DevelopmentAnterior cruciate ligament insertionFibrocartilage layersChondrocyteGlycosaminoglycan |
| spellingShingle | Hirotaka Mutsuzaki Hiromi Nakajima Maika Someji Masataka Sakane Development of fibrocartilage layers in the anterior cruciate ligament insertion in rabbits BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Development Anterior cruciate ligament insertion Fibrocartilage layers Chondrocyte Glycosaminoglycan |
| title | Development of fibrocartilage layers in the anterior cruciate ligament insertion in rabbits |
| title_full | Development of fibrocartilage layers in the anterior cruciate ligament insertion in rabbits |
| title_fullStr | Development of fibrocartilage layers in the anterior cruciate ligament insertion in rabbits |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of fibrocartilage layers in the anterior cruciate ligament insertion in rabbits |
| title_short | Development of fibrocartilage layers in the anterior cruciate ligament insertion in rabbits |
| title_sort | development of fibrocartilage layers in the anterior cruciate ligament insertion in rabbits |
| topic | Development Anterior cruciate ligament insertion Fibrocartilage layers Chondrocyte Glycosaminoglycan |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12891-019-2614-0 |
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