Susceptibility of the <i>Candida haemulonii</i> Complex to Echinocandins: Focus on Both Planktonic and Biofilm Life Styles and a Literature Review
<i>Candida haemulonii</i> complex (<i>C. haemulonii</i>, <i>C. duobushaemulonii</i> and <i>C. haemulonii</i> var. <i>vulnera</i>) is well-known for its resistance profile to different available antifungal drugs. Although echinocandins are t...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/4/201 |
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| author | Lívia S. Ramos Laura N. Silva Marta H. Branquinha André L. S. Santos |
| author_facet | Lívia S. Ramos Laura N. Silva Marta H. Branquinha André L. S. Santos |
| author_sort | Lívia S. Ramos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Candida haemulonii</i> complex (<i>C. haemulonii</i>, <i>C. duobushaemulonii</i> and <i>C. haemulonii</i> var. <i>vulnera</i>) is well-known for its resistance profile to different available antifungal drugs. Although echinocandins are the most effective class of antifungal compounds against the <i>C. haemulonii</i> species complex, clinical isolates resistant to caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin have already been reported. In this work, we present a literature review regarding the effects of echinocandins on this emergent fungal complex. Published data has revealed that micafungin and anidulafungin were more effective than caspofungin against the species forming the <i>C. haemulonii</i> complex. Subsequently, we investigated the susceptibilities of both planktonic and biofilm forms of 12 Brazilian clinical isolates of the <i>C. haemulonii</i> complex towards caspofungin and micafungin (anidulafungin was unavailable). The planktonic cells of all the fungal isolates were susceptible to both of the test echinocandins. Interestingly, echinocandins caused a significant reduction in the biofilm metabolic activity (viability) of almost all fungal isolates (11/12, 91.7%). Generally, the biofilm biomasses were also affected (reduction range 20–60%) upon exposure to caspofungin and micafungin. This is the first report of the anti-biofilm action of echinocandins against the multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogens comprising the <i>C. haemulonii</i> complex, and unveils the therapeutic potential of these compounds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:54:28Z |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:54:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3dbc540287641b2bad72c3dc4d902252023-11-20T15:50:33ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2020-10-016420110.3390/jof6040201Susceptibility of the <i>Candida haemulonii</i> Complex to Echinocandins: Focus on Both Planktonic and Biofilm Life Styles and a Literature ReviewLívia S. Ramos0Laura N. Silva1Marta H. Branquinha2André L. S. Santos3Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, BrazilLaboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, BrazilLaboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, BrazilLaboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil<i>Candida haemulonii</i> complex (<i>C. haemulonii</i>, <i>C. duobushaemulonii</i> and <i>C. haemulonii</i> var. <i>vulnera</i>) is well-known for its resistance profile to different available antifungal drugs. Although echinocandins are the most effective class of antifungal compounds against the <i>C. haemulonii</i> species complex, clinical isolates resistant to caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin have already been reported. In this work, we present a literature review regarding the effects of echinocandins on this emergent fungal complex. Published data has revealed that micafungin and anidulafungin were more effective than caspofungin against the species forming the <i>C. haemulonii</i> complex. Subsequently, we investigated the susceptibilities of both planktonic and biofilm forms of 12 Brazilian clinical isolates of the <i>C. haemulonii</i> complex towards caspofungin and micafungin (anidulafungin was unavailable). The planktonic cells of all the fungal isolates were susceptible to both of the test echinocandins. Interestingly, echinocandins caused a significant reduction in the biofilm metabolic activity (viability) of almost all fungal isolates (11/12, 91.7%). Generally, the biofilm biomasses were also affected (reduction range 20–60%) upon exposure to caspofungin and micafungin. This is the first report of the anti-biofilm action of echinocandins against the multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogens comprising the <i>C. haemulonii</i> complex, and unveils the therapeutic potential of these compounds.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/4/201<i>Candida haemulonii</i> complexplanktonic growthbiofilm formationechinocandinscaspofunginmicafungin |
| spellingShingle | Lívia S. Ramos Laura N. Silva Marta H. Branquinha André L. S. Santos Susceptibility of the <i>Candida haemulonii</i> Complex to Echinocandins: Focus on Both Planktonic and Biofilm Life Styles and a Literature Review Journal of Fungi <i>Candida haemulonii</i> complex planktonic growth biofilm formation echinocandins caspofungin micafungin |
| title | Susceptibility of the <i>Candida haemulonii</i> Complex to Echinocandins: Focus on Both Planktonic and Biofilm Life Styles and a Literature Review |
| title_full | Susceptibility of the <i>Candida haemulonii</i> Complex to Echinocandins: Focus on Both Planktonic and Biofilm Life Styles and a Literature Review |
| title_fullStr | Susceptibility of the <i>Candida haemulonii</i> Complex to Echinocandins: Focus on Both Planktonic and Biofilm Life Styles and a Literature Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Susceptibility of the <i>Candida haemulonii</i> Complex to Echinocandins: Focus on Both Planktonic and Biofilm Life Styles and a Literature Review |
| title_short | Susceptibility of the <i>Candida haemulonii</i> Complex to Echinocandins: Focus on Both Planktonic and Biofilm Life Styles and a Literature Review |
| title_sort | susceptibility of the i candida haemulonii i complex to echinocandins focus on both planktonic and biofilm life styles and a literature review |
| topic | <i>Candida haemulonii</i> complex planktonic growth biofilm formation echinocandins caspofungin micafungin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/4/201 |
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