The Sodium/Calcium Exchanger PcNCX1-Mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> Efflux Is Involved in Cinnamaldehyde-Induced Cell-Wall Defects of <i>Phytophthora capsici</i>
<i>Phytophthora capsici</i> is one of the devastating pathogens, causing foliar blight, root rot, and fruit rot in peppers. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a natural compound coming from <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i>. The medicinal properties of CA have been widely identified. Limited know...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Seria: | Agronomy |
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| Dostęp online: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/8/1763 |
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| author | Zhongqiang Qi Lina Li Cunfa Xu Muxing Liu Yousheng Wang Li Zhang Jian Chen Haiyan Lu Zhiqi Shi |
| author_facet | Zhongqiang Qi Lina Li Cunfa Xu Muxing Liu Yousheng Wang Li Zhang Jian Chen Haiyan Lu Zhiqi Shi |
| author_sort | Zhongqiang Qi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> is one of the devastating pathogens, causing foliar blight, root rot, and fruit rot in peppers. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a natural compound coming from <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i>. The medicinal properties of CA have been widely identified. Limited knowledge is known about the application of CA in agriculture. In this study, CA significantly inhibited <i>P. capsici</i>, which further suppressed Phytophthora blights in both pepper seedlings and pepper fruits. Treatment with CA resulted in collapsed and fragmented hyphae, accompanying the increase in MDA (malondialdehyde) content and the decrease in intercellular glycerol content in hyphae. CA also inhibited the growth of wild type yeast. The yeast mutant Δ<i>Yvc1</i> with a deletion of Yvc1 (a Ca<sup>2+</sup> transporter) showed decreased sensitivity to CA. The transformation of <i>PcNCX1</i>, a sodium/calcium exchanger from <i>P. capsici</i>, into Δ<i>Yvc1</i> restored its sensitivity to CA. The transformant carrying <i>PcNCX1</i> also showed restored Ca<sup>2+</sup> efflux upon CA treatment. RNA-seq analysis showed that CA treatments resulted in the down-regulation of a set of genes encoding for calcium-related proteins. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the antifungal activity of CA against <i>P. capsici</i> may be associated with PcNCX1-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> efflux. Our results provide crucial insights into the antimicrobial action of CA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:50:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3dcb3f63ca248e8921e88d39efbaf78 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:50:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3dcb3f63ca248e8921e88d39efbaf782023-12-03T13:11:33ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-07-01128176310.3390/agronomy12081763The Sodium/Calcium Exchanger PcNCX1-Mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> Efflux Is Involved in Cinnamaldehyde-Induced Cell-Wall Defects of <i>Phytophthora capsici</i>Zhongqiang Qi0Lina Li1Cunfa Xu2Muxing Liu3Yousheng Wang4Li Zhang5Jian Chen6Haiyan Lu7Zhiqi Shi8Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, ChinaTianmen Green Food Management Office, Jingling Sub-District Office, Tianmen 431700, ChinaCentral Laboratory, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaChina Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210011, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271028, ChinaLaboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaLaboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaLaboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China<i>Phytophthora capsici</i> is one of the devastating pathogens, causing foliar blight, root rot, and fruit rot in peppers. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a natural compound coming from <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i>. The medicinal properties of CA have been widely identified. Limited knowledge is known about the application of CA in agriculture. In this study, CA significantly inhibited <i>P. capsici</i>, which further suppressed Phytophthora blights in both pepper seedlings and pepper fruits. Treatment with CA resulted in collapsed and fragmented hyphae, accompanying the increase in MDA (malondialdehyde) content and the decrease in intercellular glycerol content in hyphae. CA also inhibited the growth of wild type yeast. The yeast mutant Δ<i>Yvc1</i> with a deletion of Yvc1 (a Ca<sup>2+</sup> transporter) showed decreased sensitivity to CA. The transformation of <i>PcNCX1</i>, a sodium/calcium exchanger from <i>P. capsici</i>, into Δ<i>Yvc1</i> restored its sensitivity to CA. The transformant carrying <i>PcNCX1</i> also showed restored Ca<sup>2+</sup> efflux upon CA treatment. RNA-seq analysis showed that CA treatments resulted in the down-regulation of a set of genes encoding for calcium-related proteins. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the antifungal activity of CA against <i>P. capsici</i> may be associated with PcNCX1-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> efflux. Our results provide crucial insights into the antimicrobial action of CA.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/8/1763calciumcell wall integritycinnamaldehydePcNCX1<i>Phytophthora capsici</i> |
| spellingShingle | Zhongqiang Qi Lina Li Cunfa Xu Muxing Liu Yousheng Wang Li Zhang Jian Chen Haiyan Lu Zhiqi Shi The Sodium/Calcium Exchanger PcNCX1-Mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> Efflux Is Involved in Cinnamaldehyde-Induced Cell-Wall Defects of <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> Agronomy calcium cell wall integrity cinnamaldehyde PcNCX1 <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> |
| title | The Sodium/Calcium Exchanger PcNCX1-Mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> Efflux Is Involved in Cinnamaldehyde-Induced Cell-Wall Defects of <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> |
| title_full | The Sodium/Calcium Exchanger PcNCX1-Mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> Efflux Is Involved in Cinnamaldehyde-Induced Cell-Wall Defects of <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> |
| title_fullStr | The Sodium/Calcium Exchanger PcNCX1-Mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> Efflux Is Involved in Cinnamaldehyde-Induced Cell-Wall Defects of <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Sodium/Calcium Exchanger PcNCX1-Mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> Efflux Is Involved in Cinnamaldehyde-Induced Cell-Wall Defects of <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> |
| title_short | The Sodium/Calcium Exchanger PcNCX1-Mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> Efflux Is Involved in Cinnamaldehyde-Induced Cell-Wall Defects of <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> |
| title_sort | sodium calcium exchanger pcncx1 mediated ca sup 2 sup efflux is involved in cinnamaldehyde induced cell wall defects of i phytophthora capsici i |
| topic | calcium cell wall integrity cinnamaldehyde PcNCX1 <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/8/1763 |
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