Vanadium Toxicity Monitored by Fertilization Outcomes and Metal Related Proteolytic Activities in <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> Embryos
Metal pharmaceutical residues often represent emerging toxic pollutants of the aquatic environment, as wastewater treatment plants do not sufficiently remove these compounds. Recently, vanadium (V) derivatives have been considered as potential therapeutic factors in several diseases, however, only l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/2/83 |
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| author | Roberto Chiarelli Chiara Martino Maria Carmela Roccheri Fabiana Geraci |
| author_facet | Roberto Chiarelli Chiara Martino Maria Carmela Roccheri Fabiana Geraci |
| author_sort | Roberto Chiarelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metal pharmaceutical residues often represent emerging toxic pollutants of the aquatic environment, as wastewater treatment plants do not sufficiently remove these compounds. Recently, vanadium (V) derivatives have been considered as potential therapeutic factors in several diseases, however, only limited information is available about their impact on aquatic environments. This study used sea urchin embryos (<i>Paracentrotus lividus</i>) to test V toxicity, as it is known they are sensitive to V doses from environmentally relevant to very cytotoxic levels (50 nM; 100 nM; 500 nM; 1 µM; 50 µM; 100 µM; 500 µM; and 1 mM). We used two approaches: The fertilization test (FT) and a protease detection assay after 36 h of exposure. V affected the fertilization percentage and increased morphological abnormalities of both egg and fertilization envelope, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, a total of nine gelatinases (with apparent molecular masses ranging from 309 to 22 kDa) were detected, and their proteolytic activity depended on the V concentration. Biochemical characterization shows that some of them could be aspartate proteases, whereas substrate specificity and the Ca<sup>2+</sup>/Zn<sup>2+</sup> requirement suggest that others are similar to mammalian matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:56:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3debab6fd1d42ebb665ada41b8e670a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:56:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3debab6fd1d42ebb665ada41b8e670a2023-11-23T22:20:32ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042022-02-011028310.3390/toxics10020083Vanadium Toxicity Monitored by Fertilization Outcomes and Metal Related Proteolytic Activities in <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> EmbryosRoberto Chiarelli0Chiara Martino1Maria Carmela Roccheri2Fabiana Geraci3Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Building 16, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Building 16, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Building 16, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Building 16, 90128 Palermo, ItalyMetal pharmaceutical residues often represent emerging toxic pollutants of the aquatic environment, as wastewater treatment plants do not sufficiently remove these compounds. Recently, vanadium (V) derivatives have been considered as potential therapeutic factors in several diseases, however, only limited information is available about their impact on aquatic environments. This study used sea urchin embryos (<i>Paracentrotus lividus</i>) to test V toxicity, as it is known they are sensitive to V doses from environmentally relevant to very cytotoxic levels (50 nM; 100 nM; 500 nM; 1 µM; 50 µM; 100 µM; 500 µM; and 1 mM). We used two approaches: The fertilization test (FT) and a protease detection assay after 36 h of exposure. V affected the fertilization percentage and increased morphological abnormalities of both egg and fertilization envelope, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, a total of nine gelatinases (with apparent molecular masses ranging from 309 to 22 kDa) were detected, and their proteolytic activity depended on the V concentration. Biochemical characterization shows that some of them could be aspartate proteases, whereas substrate specificity and the Ca<sup>2+</sup>/Zn<sup>2+</sup> requirement suggest that others are similar to mammalian matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/2/83sodium orthovanadatesea urchin embryosgelatinasesmetalloproteinases |
| spellingShingle | Roberto Chiarelli Chiara Martino Maria Carmela Roccheri Fabiana Geraci Vanadium Toxicity Monitored by Fertilization Outcomes and Metal Related Proteolytic Activities in <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> Embryos Toxics sodium orthovanadate sea urchin embryos gelatinases metalloproteinases |
| title | Vanadium Toxicity Monitored by Fertilization Outcomes and Metal Related Proteolytic Activities in <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> Embryos |
| title_full | Vanadium Toxicity Monitored by Fertilization Outcomes and Metal Related Proteolytic Activities in <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> Embryos |
| title_fullStr | Vanadium Toxicity Monitored by Fertilization Outcomes and Metal Related Proteolytic Activities in <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> Embryos |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vanadium Toxicity Monitored by Fertilization Outcomes and Metal Related Proteolytic Activities in <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> Embryos |
| title_short | Vanadium Toxicity Monitored by Fertilization Outcomes and Metal Related Proteolytic Activities in <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> Embryos |
| title_sort | vanadium toxicity monitored by fertilization outcomes and metal related proteolytic activities in i paracentrotus lividus i embryos |
| topic | sodium orthovanadate sea urchin embryos gelatinases metalloproteinases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/2/83 |
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