Biosensing of Haemorheological Properties Using Microblood Flow Manipulation and Quantification
The biomechanical properties of blood have been used to detect haematological diseases and disorders. The simultaneous measurement of multiple haemorheological properties has been considered an important aspect for separating the individual contributions of red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma. In this...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/408 |
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| author | Yang Jun Kang |
| author_facet | Yang Jun Kang |
| author_sort | Yang Jun Kang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The biomechanical properties of blood have been used to detect haematological diseases and disorders. The simultaneous measurement of multiple haemorheological properties has been considered an important aspect for separating the individual contributions of red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma. In this study, three haemorheological properties (viscosity, time constant, and RBC aggregation) were obtained by analysing blood flow, which was set to a square-wave profile (steady and transient flow). Based on a simplified differential equation derived using a discrete circuit model, the time constant for viscoelasticity was obtained by solving the governing equation rather than using the curve-fitting technique. The time constant (<i>λ</i>) varies linearly with respect to the interface in the coflowing channel (<i>β</i>). Two parameters (i.e., average value: <λ>, linear slope: <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) were newly suggested to effectively represent linearly varying time constant. <λ> exhibited more consistent results than <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. To detect variations in the haematocrit in blood, we observed that the blood viscosity (i.e., steady flow) is better than the time constant (i.e., transient flow). The blood viscosity and time constant exhibited significant differences for the hardened RBCs. The present method was then successfully employed to detect continuously varying haematocrit resulting from RBC sedimentation in a driving syringe. The present method can consistently detect variations in blood in terms of the three haemorheological properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:41:15Z |
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| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:41:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3df9f9be3214b6888643d548f282b862023-12-02T00:56:34ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-12-0123140810.3390/s23010408Biosensing of Haemorheological Properties Using Microblood Flow Manipulation and QuantificationYang Jun Kang0Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of KoreaThe biomechanical properties of blood have been used to detect haematological diseases and disorders. The simultaneous measurement of multiple haemorheological properties has been considered an important aspect for separating the individual contributions of red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma. In this study, three haemorheological properties (viscosity, time constant, and RBC aggregation) were obtained by analysing blood flow, which was set to a square-wave profile (steady and transient flow). Based on a simplified differential equation derived using a discrete circuit model, the time constant for viscoelasticity was obtained by solving the governing equation rather than using the curve-fitting technique. The time constant (<i>λ</i>) varies linearly with respect to the interface in the coflowing channel (<i>β</i>). Two parameters (i.e., average value: <λ>, linear slope: <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) were newly suggested to effectively represent linearly varying time constant. <λ> exhibited more consistent results than <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. To detect variations in the haematocrit in blood, we observed that the blood viscosity (i.e., steady flow) is better than the time constant (i.e., transient flow). The blood viscosity and time constant exhibited significant differences for the hardened RBCs. The present method was then successfully employed to detect continuously varying haematocrit resulting from RBC sedimentation in a driving syringe. The present method can consistently detect variations in blood in terms of the three haemorheological properties.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/408haemorheological propertyblood viscosityblood viscoelasticityRBC aggregationblood flow quantification |
| spellingShingle | Yang Jun Kang Biosensing of Haemorheological Properties Using Microblood Flow Manipulation and Quantification Sensors haemorheological property blood viscosity blood viscoelasticity RBC aggregation blood flow quantification |
| title | Biosensing of Haemorheological Properties Using Microblood Flow Manipulation and Quantification |
| title_full | Biosensing of Haemorheological Properties Using Microblood Flow Manipulation and Quantification |
| title_fullStr | Biosensing of Haemorheological Properties Using Microblood Flow Manipulation and Quantification |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biosensing of Haemorheological Properties Using Microblood Flow Manipulation and Quantification |
| title_short | Biosensing of Haemorheological Properties Using Microblood Flow Manipulation and Quantification |
| title_sort | biosensing of haemorheological properties using microblood flow manipulation and quantification |
| topic | haemorheological property blood viscosity blood viscoelasticity RBC aggregation blood flow quantification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/408 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yangjunkang biosensingofhaemorheologicalpropertiesusingmicrobloodflowmanipulationandquantification |