Equipped for Migrations Across High Latitude Regions? Reduced Spur Length and Outcrossing Rate in a Biennial Halenia elliptica (Gentianaceae) With Mixed Mating System Along a Latitude Gradient
Halenia (Gentianaceae) originated from the mountain regions of East Asia, and diversified in America following long migrations via Beringia. While Halenia elliptica, one species of the genus in China, migrated toward high latitudes in China. Spur length of H. elliptica is highly variable. We examine...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2018.00223/full |
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| author | Ming-Liu Yang Lin-Lin Wang Guo-Peng Zhang Li-Hua Meng Yong-Ping Yang Yong-Ping Yang Yuan-Wen Duan Yuan-Wen Duan |
| author_facet | Ming-Liu Yang Lin-Lin Wang Guo-Peng Zhang Li-Hua Meng Yong-Ping Yang Yong-Ping Yang Yuan-Wen Duan Yuan-Wen Duan |
| author_sort | Ming-Liu Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Halenia (Gentianaceae) originated from the mountain regions of East Asia, and diversified in America following long migrations via Beringia. While Halenia elliptica, one species of the genus in China, migrated toward high latitudes in China. Spur length of H. elliptica is highly variable. We examined the relationship between spur length and mating pattern along a latitude gradient. Field experiments were performed in two populations of H. elliptica, and we found that this species could produce seeds via both autonomous selfing and the aid of pollinators, suggesting a mixed mating system. In seven populations of H. elliptica along a latitudinal gradient, we found a trend of decrease in spur length with the increase of latitude. Based on molecular data from 11 microsatellite loci, we found that multilocus outcrossing rate decreased with the increase of latitude while the estimated inbreeding depression increased significantly, indicating that a high degree of inbreeding depression might have prevented evolution toward complete selfing in the high latitude populations with short spur length, and thus maintained mixed mating system of H. elliptica. Our results suggest that the mixed mating system of this species might be helpful in overcoming pollinator scarcity in newly colonized populations toward high latitudes after its origination in the mountain regions of China, and the decrease of spur length in the high latitude populations could result from reduced resource allocation to pollinator associated traits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T07:07:23Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T07:07:23Z |
| publishDate | 2018-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3e1285b56e34247bc01abc455e00fad2022-12-22T00:33:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212018-06-01910.3389/fgene.2018.00223368794Equipped for Migrations Across High Latitude Regions? Reduced Spur Length and Outcrossing Rate in a Biennial Halenia elliptica (Gentianaceae) With Mixed Mating System Along a Latitude GradientMing-Liu Yang0Lin-Lin Wang1Guo-Peng Zhang2Li-Hua Meng3Yong-Ping Yang4Yong-Ping Yang5Yuan-Wen Duan6Yuan-Wen Duan7Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of University in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, ChinaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, ChinaKey Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of University in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, ChinaKey Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of University in Yunnan Province, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, ChinaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, ChinaInstitute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, ChinaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, ChinaInstitute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, ChinaHalenia (Gentianaceae) originated from the mountain regions of East Asia, and diversified in America following long migrations via Beringia. While Halenia elliptica, one species of the genus in China, migrated toward high latitudes in China. Spur length of H. elliptica is highly variable. We examined the relationship between spur length and mating pattern along a latitude gradient. Field experiments were performed in two populations of H. elliptica, and we found that this species could produce seeds via both autonomous selfing and the aid of pollinators, suggesting a mixed mating system. In seven populations of H. elliptica along a latitudinal gradient, we found a trend of decrease in spur length with the increase of latitude. Based on molecular data from 11 microsatellite loci, we found that multilocus outcrossing rate decreased with the increase of latitude while the estimated inbreeding depression increased significantly, indicating that a high degree of inbreeding depression might have prevented evolution toward complete selfing in the high latitude populations with short spur length, and thus maintained mixed mating system of H. elliptica. Our results suggest that the mixed mating system of this species might be helpful in overcoming pollinator scarcity in newly colonized populations toward high latitudes after its origination in the mountain regions of China, and the decrease of spur length in the high latitude populations could result from reduced resource allocation to pollinator associated traits.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2018.00223/fullHalenia ellipticaspur lengthmixed mating systemlatitude gradientautonomous selfinginbreeding depression |
| spellingShingle | Ming-Liu Yang Lin-Lin Wang Guo-Peng Zhang Li-Hua Meng Yong-Ping Yang Yong-Ping Yang Yuan-Wen Duan Yuan-Wen Duan Equipped for Migrations Across High Latitude Regions? Reduced Spur Length and Outcrossing Rate in a Biennial Halenia elliptica (Gentianaceae) With Mixed Mating System Along a Latitude Gradient Frontiers in Genetics Halenia elliptica spur length mixed mating system latitude gradient autonomous selfing inbreeding depression |
| title | Equipped for Migrations Across High Latitude Regions? Reduced Spur Length and Outcrossing Rate in a Biennial Halenia elliptica (Gentianaceae) With Mixed Mating System Along a Latitude Gradient |
| title_full | Equipped for Migrations Across High Latitude Regions? Reduced Spur Length and Outcrossing Rate in a Biennial Halenia elliptica (Gentianaceae) With Mixed Mating System Along a Latitude Gradient |
| title_fullStr | Equipped for Migrations Across High Latitude Regions? Reduced Spur Length and Outcrossing Rate in a Biennial Halenia elliptica (Gentianaceae) With Mixed Mating System Along a Latitude Gradient |
| title_full_unstemmed | Equipped for Migrations Across High Latitude Regions? Reduced Spur Length and Outcrossing Rate in a Biennial Halenia elliptica (Gentianaceae) With Mixed Mating System Along a Latitude Gradient |
| title_short | Equipped for Migrations Across High Latitude Regions? Reduced Spur Length and Outcrossing Rate in a Biennial Halenia elliptica (Gentianaceae) With Mixed Mating System Along a Latitude Gradient |
| title_sort | equipped for migrations across high latitude regions reduced spur length and outcrossing rate in a biennial halenia elliptica gentianaceae with mixed mating system along a latitude gradient |
| topic | Halenia elliptica spur length mixed mating system latitude gradient autonomous selfing inbreeding depression |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2018.00223/full |
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