Experimental Characterization of Oil/Gas Interface Self-Adjustment in CO<sub>2</sub>-Assisted Gravity Drainage for Reverse Rhythm Reservoir
Worldwide practices have proven that gas-assisted gravity drainage can obviously enhance oil recovery, and this technology can be especially effective for reservoirs with a thick formation and large inclination angle. For the successful implementation of this process, a key technology is the stable...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/16/5860 |
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| author | Haishui Han Xinglong Chen Zemin Ji Junshi Li Weifeng Lv Qun Zhang Ming Gao Hao Kang |
| author_facet | Haishui Han Xinglong Chen Zemin Ji Junshi Li Weifeng Lv Qun Zhang Ming Gao Hao Kang |
| author_sort | Haishui Han |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Worldwide practices have proven that gas-assisted gravity drainage can obviously enhance oil recovery, and this technology can be especially effective for reservoirs with a thick formation and large inclination angle. For the successful implementation of this process, a key technology is the stable control of gas–oil interface during gas injection. For a detailed exploration of this technique, a three-stage permeable visual model was designed and manufactured, with permeability decreasing from top to bottom, thus, a reverse rhythm reservoir was effectively modeled. Then the experiment concerning CO<sub>2</sub>-assisted gravity drainage was carried out with the adoption of a self-developed micro visual displacement device. This study mainly focused on the micro migration law of gas–oil interface and the development effects of CO<sub>2</sub>-assisted gravity drainage. According to the experiments, CO<sub>2</sub> fingering somewhat happens in the same permeable layer from the beginning of gas injection. However, phenomena of “wait” and “gas–oil interface self-adjustment” occur instead of flowing into the next layer when the injected CO<sub>2</sub> reaches the boundary of the next lower permeability layer through the dominant channel. By the “gas–oil interface self-adjustment”, the injected CO<sub>2</sub> first enters into the pores of the relative higher permeability layer to the greatest extent, and thus expands the sweep volume. Futhermore, in the process of CO<sub>2</sub> injection, obvious gas channeling occurs in the low permeability layer directly connected to the outlet, resulting in low sweep efficiency and poor development effect. After connecting the core with lower permeability at the outlet, the development indexes of the model, such as the producing degree of the low permeability layer, the oil recovery before and after gas breakthrough, are significantly improved, and the recovery degrees of the medium permeability layer and the high permeability layer are also improved, and the overall recovery factor is increased by 12.38%. This “gas–oil interface self-adjustment” phenomenon is explained reasonably from the two scales of macroscopic flow resistance and microscopic capillary force. Finally, the enlightenments of the new phenomenon are expounded on the application of gas-assisted gravity drainage on site and the treatment of producers with gas breakthrough in gas injection development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:57:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3e4a1cdaa914bb084dd21d695654da0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:57:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3e4a1cdaa914bb084dd21d695654da02023-12-01T23:39:24ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-08-011516586010.3390/en15165860Experimental Characterization of Oil/Gas Interface Self-Adjustment in CO<sub>2</sub>-Assisted Gravity Drainage for Reverse Rhythm ReservoirHaishui Han0Xinglong Chen1Zemin Ji2Junshi Li3Weifeng Lv4Qun Zhang5Ming Gao6Hao Kang7Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 100083, ChinaResearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 100083, ChinaResearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 100083, ChinaCNPC Advisory Center, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 100120, ChinaResearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 100083, ChinaResearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 100083, ChinaResearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 100083, ChinaPolytechnic College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, ChinaWorldwide practices have proven that gas-assisted gravity drainage can obviously enhance oil recovery, and this technology can be especially effective for reservoirs with a thick formation and large inclination angle. For the successful implementation of this process, a key technology is the stable control of gas–oil interface during gas injection. For a detailed exploration of this technique, a three-stage permeable visual model was designed and manufactured, with permeability decreasing from top to bottom, thus, a reverse rhythm reservoir was effectively modeled. Then the experiment concerning CO<sub>2</sub>-assisted gravity drainage was carried out with the adoption of a self-developed micro visual displacement device. This study mainly focused on the micro migration law of gas–oil interface and the development effects of CO<sub>2</sub>-assisted gravity drainage. According to the experiments, CO<sub>2</sub> fingering somewhat happens in the same permeable layer from the beginning of gas injection. However, phenomena of “wait” and “gas–oil interface self-adjustment” occur instead of flowing into the next layer when the injected CO<sub>2</sub> reaches the boundary of the next lower permeability layer through the dominant channel. By the “gas–oil interface self-adjustment”, the injected CO<sub>2</sub> first enters into the pores of the relative higher permeability layer to the greatest extent, and thus expands the sweep volume. Futhermore, in the process of CO<sub>2</sub> injection, obvious gas channeling occurs in the low permeability layer directly connected to the outlet, resulting in low sweep efficiency and poor development effect. After connecting the core with lower permeability at the outlet, the development indexes of the model, such as the producing degree of the low permeability layer, the oil recovery before and after gas breakthrough, are significantly improved, and the recovery degrees of the medium permeability layer and the high permeability layer are also improved, and the overall recovery factor is increased by 12.38%. This “gas–oil interface self-adjustment” phenomenon is explained reasonably from the two scales of macroscopic flow resistance and microscopic capillary force. Finally, the enlightenments of the new phenomenon are expounded on the application of gas-assisted gravity drainage on site and the treatment of producers with gas breakthrough in gas injection development.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/16/5860heterogeneous reservoirgas injectiongas–oil interface self-adjustmentseepage resistancereverse rhythm |
| spellingShingle | Haishui Han Xinglong Chen Zemin Ji Junshi Li Weifeng Lv Qun Zhang Ming Gao Hao Kang Experimental Characterization of Oil/Gas Interface Self-Adjustment in CO<sub>2</sub>-Assisted Gravity Drainage for Reverse Rhythm Reservoir Energies heterogeneous reservoir gas injection gas–oil interface self-adjustment seepage resistance reverse rhythm |
| title | Experimental Characterization of Oil/Gas Interface Self-Adjustment in CO<sub>2</sub>-Assisted Gravity Drainage for Reverse Rhythm Reservoir |
| title_full | Experimental Characterization of Oil/Gas Interface Self-Adjustment in CO<sub>2</sub>-Assisted Gravity Drainage for Reverse Rhythm Reservoir |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Characterization of Oil/Gas Interface Self-Adjustment in CO<sub>2</sub>-Assisted Gravity Drainage for Reverse Rhythm Reservoir |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Characterization of Oil/Gas Interface Self-Adjustment in CO<sub>2</sub>-Assisted Gravity Drainage for Reverse Rhythm Reservoir |
| title_short | Experimental Characterization of Oil/Gas Interface Self-Adjustment in CO<sub>2</sub>-Assisted Gravity Drainage for Reverse Rhythm Reservoir |
| title_sort | experimental characterization of oil gas interface self adjustment in co sub 2 sub assisted gravity drainage for reverse rhythm reservoir |
| topic | heterogeneous reservoir gas injection gas–oil interface self-adjustment seepage resistance reverse rhythm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/16/5860 |
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