Unconventional protein secretion (UPS): role in important diseases
Abstract Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) is the new secretion process discovered in liquid form over three decades ago. More recently, UPS has been shown to operate also in solid forms generated from four types of organelles: fractions of lysosomes and autophagy (APh) undergoing exocytosis; e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Molecular Biomedicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-022-00113-z |
| _version_ | 1797952738149007360 |
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| author | Meldolesi Jacopo |
| author_facet | Meldolesi Jacopo |
| author_sort | Meldolesi Jacopo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) is the new secretion process discovered in liquid form over three decades ago. More recently, UPS has been shown to operate also in solid forms generated from four types of organelles: fractions of lysosomes and autophagy (APh) undergoing exocytosis; exosomes and ectosomes, with their extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently many mechanisms and proteins of these solid forms have been shown to depend on UPS. An additional function of UPS is the regulation of diseases, often investigated separately from each other. In the present review, upon short presentation of UPS in healthy cells and organs, interest is focused on the mechanisms and development of diseases. The first reported are neurodegenerations, characterized by distinct properties. Additional diseases, including inflammasomes, inflammatory responses, glial effects and other diseases of various origin, are governed by proteins generated, directly or alternatively, by UPS. The diseases most intensely affected by UPS are various types of cancer, activated in most important processes: growth, proliferation and invasion, relapse, metastatic colonization, vascular leakiness, immunomodulation, chemoresistence. The therapy role of UPS diseases depends largely on exosomes. In addition to affecting neurodegenerative diseases, its special aim is the increased protection against cancer. Its immense relevance is due to intrinsic features, including low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, stability, and crossing of biological barriers. Exosomes, loaded with factors for pharmacological actions and target cell sensitivity, induce protection against various specific cancers. Further expansion of disease therapies is expected in the near future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T22:51:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3e60cb04dea4e1b967be28865020882 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2662-8651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T22:51:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Biomedicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3e60cb04dea4e1b967be288650208822023-01-15T12:02:29ZengSpringerMolecular Biomedicine2662-86512023-01-014111210.1186/s43556-022-00113-zUnconventional protein secretion (UPS): role in important diseasesMeldolesi Jacopo0San Raffaele Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityAbstract Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) is the new secretion process discovered in liquid form over three decades ago. More recently, UPS has been shown to operate also in solid forms generated from four types of organelles: fractions of lysosomes and autophagy (APh) undergoing exocytosis; exosomes and ectosomes, with their extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently many mechanisms and proteins of these solid forms have been shown to depend on UPS. An additional function of UPS is the regulation of diseases, often investigated separately from each other. In the present review, upon short presentation of UPS in healthy cells and organs, interest is focused on the mechanisms and development of diseases. The first reported are neurodegenerations, characterized by distinct properties. Additional diseases, including inflammasomes, inflammatory responses, glial effects and other diseases of various origin, are governed by proteins generated, directly or alternatively, by UPS. The diseases most intensely affected by UPS are various types of cancer, activated in most important processes: growth, proliferation and invasion, relapse, metastatic colonization, vascular leakiness, immunomodulation, chemoresistence. The therapy role of UPS diseases depends largely on exosomes. In addition to affecting neurodegenerative diseases, its special aim is the increased protection against cancer. Its immense relevance is due to intrinsic features, including low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, stability, and crossing of biological barriers. Exosomes, loaded with factors for pharmacological actions and target cell sensitivity, induce protection against various specific cancers. Further expansion of disease therapies is expected in the near future.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-022-00113-zAlzheimer’sCancerDiseasesEctosomes and exosomesEndocytosisExocytosis |
| spellingShingle | Meldolesi Jacopo Unconventional protein secretion (UPS): role in important diseases Molecular Biomedicine Alzheimer’s Cancer Diseases Ectosomes and exosomes Endocytosis Exocytosis |
| title | Unconventional protein secretion (UPS): role in important diseases |
| title_full | Unconventional protein secretion (UPS): role in important diseases |
| title_fullStr | Unconventional protein secretion (UPS): role in important diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unconventional protein secretion (UPS): role in important diseases |
| title_short | Unconventional protein secretion (UPS): role in important diseases |
| title_sort | unconventional protein secretion ups role in important diseases |
| topic | Alzheimer’s Cancer Diseases Ectosomes and exosomes Endocytosis Exocytosis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-022-00113-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT meldolesijacopo unconventionalproteinsecretionupsroleinimportantdiseases |