Charophytes (Charophyceae, Charales) of South Kazakhstan: Diversity, Distribution, and Tentative Red List
The presented research was conducted during 2019–2022 in south and southeast Kazakhstan to document the species richness, distribution, and ecology of charophytes (Characeae) as a first step towards to estimate the need for species protection. Across the 54 sites, we found ten species and one variet...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/2/368 |
| _version_ | 1797437679764242432 |
|---|---|
| author | Satbay Nurashov Gaukhar Jumakhanova Sophia Barinova Roman Romanov Elmira Sametova Aibek Jiyenbekov Saule Shalgimbayeva Thomas Edward Smith |
| author_facet | Satbay Nurashov Gaukhar Jumakhanova Sophia Barinova Roman Romanov Elmira Sametova Aibek Jiyenbekov Saule Shalgimbayeva Thomas Edward Smith |
| author_sort | Satbay Nurashov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The presented research was conducted during 2019–2022 in south and southeast Kazakhstan to document the species richness, distribution, and ecology of charophytes (Characeae) as a first step towards to estimate the need for species protection. Across the 54 sites, we found ten species and one variety. <i>Chara vulgaris</i> Linnaeus and <i>C. contraria</i> A.Braun ex Kützing were the most common species, followed by <i>C. canescens</i> Loiseleur, <i>C. kirghisorum</i> C. F. Lessing, <i>C. tomentosa</i> Linnaeus, <i>C. dominii</i> J. Vilhelm, <i>C. globata</i> W. Migula, <i>Nitellopsis obtusa</i> (Desvaux) J. Groves, and <i>Nitella hyalina</i> (De Candolle) C. Agardh. The list of localities for each species was compiled. The distribution of each taxon was mapped in relations to the ecoregions studied. The two most frequent species were found in a wide spectrum of ecoregions, whereas all other species occurred in only a few regions in Kazakhstan. The Kaskelen River Valley had the most sampled sites with the highest number of co-occurring species (up to five together). Statistical maps were plotted in attempt to outline key environmental variables explaining the distribution of each species. A comparison of species and environmental variables distribution maps lets us assume that <i>C. vulgaris</i> prefers low altitude habitats with higher water temperatures, organic enrichments, and color, but low oxygen and pH. Other species prefer clear, alkaline, organically unpolluted, and well-oxygenated waters in lowland habitats. The redundancy detrended analysis (RDA) defined pH and altitude as negative factors for <i>Nitellopsis obtusa</i> whereas an increase in water temperature was positive. Altitude and water temperatures affected <i>Chara contraria</i> positively while altitude negatively influenced the rare species: <i>Chara tomentosa</i>, <i>C. kirghisorum</i>, and <i>C. dominii</i>. The <i>mat</i>K sequences were obtained for <i>C. contraria</i> and <i>C. vulgaris</i> to confirm their identity according to morphological traits and to compare populations of <i>C. gymnophylla</i> and <i>C. vulgaris</i> from an arid region in Israel. Our data allowed for the preparation of a tentative red list from the study region. One species was recognized as endangered, four species and one variety as vulnerable, and two species as least concern. There was insufficient data to determine the status of two species and one variety. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:24:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f3ec721cc7384e91974d12c1c7692d79 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:24:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3ec721cc7384e91974d12c1c7692d792023-12-01T00:05:43ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-01-0112236810.3390/plants12020368Charophytes (Charophyceae, Charales) of South Kazakhstan: Diversity, Distribution, and Tentative Red ListSatbay Nurashov0Gaukhar Jumakhanova1Sophia Barinova2Roman Romanov3Elmira Sametova4Aibek Jiyenbekov5Saule Shalgimbayeva6Thomas Edward Smith7RSE on REM “Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction” FWLC MEGNR RK, 36 “D” Timiryazeva Str., Almaty 050040, KazakhstanRSE on REM “Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction” FWLC MEGNR RK, 36 “D” Timiryazeva Str., Almaty 050040, KazakhstanInstitute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushi Ave, 199, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, IsraelKomarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professora Popova Str. 2, 197376 St. Petersburg, RussiaRSE on REM “Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction” FWLC MEGNR RK, 36 “D” Timiryazeva Str., Almaty 050040, KazakhstanRSE on REM “Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction” FWLC MEGNR RK, 36 “D” Timiryazeva Str., Almaty 050040, KazakhstanFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, KazakhstanFaculty Math and Science, Arkansas State University Beebe, 1000 W Iowa St., Beebe, AR 72012, USAThe presented research was conducted during 2019–2022 in south and southeast Kazakhstan to document the species richness, distribution, and ecology of charophytes (Characeae) as a first step towards to estimate the need for species protection. Across the 54 sites, we found ten species and one variety. <i>Chara vulgaris</i> Linnaeus and <i>C. contraria</i> A.Braun ex Kützing were the most common species, followed by <i>C. canescens</i> Loiseleur, <i>C. kirghisorum</i> C. F. Lessing, <i>C. tomentosa</i> Linnaeus, <i>C. dominii</i> J. Vilhelm, <i>C. globata</i> W. Migula, <i>Nitellopsis obtusa</i> (Desvaux) J. Groves, and <i>Nitella hyalina</i> (De Candolle) C. Agardh. The list of localities for each species was compiled. The distribution of each taxon was mapped in relations to the ecoregions studied. The two most frequent species were found in a wide spectrum of ecoregions, whereas all other species occurred in only a few regions in Kazakhstan. The Kaskelen River Valley had the most sampled sites with the highest number of co-occurring species (up to five together). Statistical maps were plotted in attempt to outline key environmental variables explaining the distribution of each species. A comparison of species and environmental variables distribution maps lets us assume that <i>C. vulgaris</i> prefers low altitude habitats with higher water temperatures, organic enrichments, and color, but low oxygen and pH. Other species prefer clear, alkaline, organically unpolluted, and well-oxygenated waters in lowland habitats. The redundancy detrended analysis (RDA) defined pH and altitude as negative factors for <i>Nitellopsis obtusa</i> whereas an increase in water temperature was positive. Altitude and water temperatures affected <i>Chara contraria</i> positively while altitude negatively influenced the rare species: <i>Chara tomentosa</i>, <i>C. kirghisorum</i>, and <i>C. dominii</i>. The <i>mat</i>K sequences were obtained for <i>C. contraria</i> and <i>C. vulgaris</i> to confirm their identity according to morphological traits and to compare populations of <i>C. gymnophylla</i> and <i>C. vulgaris</i> from an arid region in Israel. Our data allowed for the preparation of a tentative red list from the study region. One species was recognized as endangered, four species and one variety as vulnerable, and two species as least concern. There was insufficient data to determine the status of two species and one variety.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/2/368CharaceaeKazakhstanmorphologyecologyDNA barcodingspecies protection |
| spellingShingle | Satbay Nurashov Gaukhar Jumakhanova Sophia Barinova Roman Romanov Elmira Sametova Aibek Jiyenbekov Saule Shalgimbayeva Thomas Edward Smith Charophytes (Charophyceae, Charales) of South Kazakhstan: Diversity, Distribution, and Tentative Red List Plants Characeae Kazakhstan morphology ecology DNA barcoding species protection |
| title | Charophytes (Charophyceae, Charales) of South Kazakhstan: Diversity, Distribution, and Tentative Red List |
| title_full | Charophytes (Charophyceae, Charales) of South Kazakhstan: Diversity, Distribution, and Tentative Red List |
| title_fullStr | Charophytes (Charophyceae, Charales) of South Kazakhstan: Diversity, Distribution, and Tentative Red List |
| title_full_unstemmed | Charophytes (Charophyceae, Charales) of South Kazakhstan: Diversity, Distribution, and Tentative Red List |
| title_short | Charophytes (Charophyceae, Charales) of South Kazakhstan: Diversity, Distribution, and Tentative Red List |
| title_sort | charophytes charophyceae charales of south kazakhstan diversity distribution and tentative red list |
| topic | Characeae Kazakhstan morphology ecology DNA barcoding species protection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/2/368 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT satbaynurashov charophytescharophyceaecharalesofsouthkazakhstandiversitydistributionandtentativeredlist AT gaukharjumakhanova charophytescharophyceaecharalesofsouthkazakhstandiversitydistributionandtentativeredlist AT sophiabarinova charophytescharophyceaecharalesofsouthkazakhstandiversitydistributionandtentativeredlist AT romanromanov charophytescharophyceaecharalesofsouthkazakhstandiversitydistributionandtentativeredlist AT elmirasametova charophytescharophyceaecharalesofsouthkazakhstandiversitydistributionandtentativeredlist AT aibekjiyenbekov charophytescharophyceaecharalesofsouthkazakhstandiversitydistributionandtentativeredlist AT sauleshalgimbayeva charophytescharophyceaecharalesofsouthkazakhstandiversitydistributionandtentativeredlist AT thomasedwardsmith charophytescharophyceaecharalesofsouthkazakhstandiversitydistributionandtentativeredlist |