Toxicities and Cross-Resistance of Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Emamectin Benzoate, Spirotetramat, and Indoxacarb in Field Populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae)
<i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> is a major vector of several pathogens and is capable of breeding in various aquatic habitats. The extensive and injudicious use of synthetic chemicals against the mosquito species has led to the problem of insecticide resistance. To explore this resistance...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/9/830 |
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| author | Muhammad Kamran Sarfraz Ali Shad Muhammad Binyameen Naeem Abbas Muhammad Anees Rizwan Mustafa Shah Abdulwahab M. Hafez |
| author_facet | Muhammad Kamran Sarfraz Ali Shad Muhammad Binyameen Naeem Abbas Muhammad Anees Rizwan Mustafa Shah Abdulwahab M. Hafez |
| author_sort | Muhammad Kamran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> is a major vector of several pathogens and is capable of breeding in various aquatic habitats. The extensive and injudicious use of synthetic chemicals against the mosquito species has led to the problem of insecticide resistance. To explore this resistance in detail, toxicity bioassays of imidacloprid, acetamiprid, emamectin benzoate, spirotetramat, and indoxacarb were performed on five <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> field populations from Pakistan in addition to a laboratory susceptible strain. Compared with the susceptible strain, results for the five <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> field populations were as follows: susceptibility to high resistance against imidacloprid (resistance ratio (RR): 0.09–11.18), susceptibility to moderate resistance against acetamiprid (RR: 0.39–8.00), susceptibility to emamectin benzoate (RR: 0.002–0.020), susceptibility to spirotetramat (RR: 0.01–0.07), and low to high resistance against indoxacarb (RR: 3.00–118.00). Correlation analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and spirotetramat median lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) values, indicating the possibility of cross-resistance. In contrast, there were no significant correlations between the LC<sub>50</sub> values of other tested insecticides, indicating the possible absence of cross-resistance. These results can assist public health authorities, medical entomologists, and pest managers to manage the insecticide resistance of <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> as well as the associated pollution and human health issues. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:39:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-f3fa6d88437a4f03bcea20e3c55fa9402023-11-23T16:55:27ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-09-0113983010.3390/insects13090830Toxicities and Cross-Resistance of Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Emamectin Benzoate, Spirotetramat, and Indoxacarb in Field Populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae)Muhammad Kamran0Sarfraz Ali Shad1Muhammad Binyameen2Naeem Abbas3Muhammad Anees4Rizwan Mustafa Shah5Abdulwahab M. Hafez6Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia<i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> is a major vector of several pathogens and is capable of breeding in various aquatic habitats. The extensive and injudicious use of synthetic chemicals against the mosquito species has led to the problem of insecticide resistance. To explore this resistance in detail, toxicity bioassays of imidacloprid, acetamiprid, emamectin benzoate, spirotetramat, and indoxacarb were performed on five <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> field populations from Pakistan in addition to a laboratory susceptible strain. Compared with the susceptible strain, results for the five <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> field populations were as follows: susceptibility to high resistance against imidacloprid (resistance ratio (RR): 0.09–11.18), susceptibility to moderate resistance against acetamiprid (RR: 0.39–8.00), susceptibility to emamectin benzoate (RR: 0.002–0.020), susceptibility to spirotetramat (RR: 0.01–0.07), and low to high resistance against indoxacarb (RR: 3.00–118.00). Correlation analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and spirotetramat median lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) values, indicating the possibility of cross-resistance. In contrast, there were no significant correlations between the LC<sub>50</sub> values of other tested insecticides, indicating the possible absence of cross-resistance. These results can assist public health authorities, medical entomologists, and pest managers to manage the insecticide resistance of <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> as well as the associated pollution and human health issues.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/9/830southern house mosquitovector-borne diseaseresistance managementinsecticidelethal concentration |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Kamran Sarfraz Ali Shad Muhammad Binyameen Naeem Abbas Muhammad Anees Rizwan Mustafa Shah Abdulwahab M. Hafez Toxicities and Cross-Resistance of Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Emamectin Benzoate, Spirotetramat, and Indoxacarb in Field Populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) Insects southern house mosquito vector-borne disease resistance management insecticide lethal concentration |
| title | Toxicities and Cross-Resistance of Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Emamectin Benzoate, Spirotetramat, and Indoxacarb in Field Populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) |
| title_full | Toxicities and Cross-Resistance of Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Emamectin Benzoate, Spirotetramat, and Indoxacarb in Field Populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) |
| title_fullStr | Toxicities and Cross-Resistance of Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Emamectin Benzoate, Spirotetramat, and Indoxacarb in Field Populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicities and Cross-Resistance of Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Emamectin Benzoate, Spirotetramat, and Indoxacarb in Field Populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) |
| title_short | Toxicities and Cross-Resistance of Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Emamectin Benzoate, Spirotetramat, and Indoxacarb in Field Populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) |
| title_sort | toxicities and cross resistance of imidacloprid acetamiprid emamectin benzoate spirotetramat and indoxacarb in field populations of i culex quinquefasciatus i diptera culicidae |
| topic | southern house mosquito vector-borne disease resistance management insecticide lethal concentration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/9/830 |
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