Quercetin-derivatives painting the yellow petals of American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) and enzymatic basis for their accumulation
American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) is one of the two species in Nelumbo and has only yellow flower. Identification of total flavonoids showed wild American lotus contained almost only flavonols with quercetin 3-O-glucuronide to be the dominant pigment. The variation tendency of the total flavonol conten...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Horticultural Plant Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246801412200019X |
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| author | Qingqing Liu Dasheng Zhang Fengluan Liu Zhuoxing Liu Xiaohan Wang Yong Yang Shanshan Li Hanchun Li Daike Tian Liangsheng Wang |
| author_facet | Qingqing Liu Dasheng Zhang Fengluan Liu Zhuoxing Liu Xiaohan Wang Yong Yang Shanshan Li Hanchun Li Daike Tian Liangsheng Wang |
| author_sort | Qingqing Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) is one of the two species in Nelumbo and has only yellow flower. Identification of total flavonoids showed wild American lotus contained almost only flavonols with quercetin 3-O-glucuronide to be the dominant pigment. The variation tendency of the total flavonol content was coincident with yellow color variation of petals during flower development. To understand the mechanism of accumulation and constituent of pigments in petals, three pivotal genes, NlFLS1, NlFLS2 and NlFLS3, which were predicted to encode flavonol synthases were isolated and characterized by analyses of basic bioinformatics, temporal and spatial expression patterns and enzymatic activity. Their temporal expression levels showed the same variation tendency, which was also consistent with the development-dependent variation of total flavonol content. Spatial expression patterns indicated the three genes should function in petals. All the three proteins were demonstrated to be bifunctional dioxygenase, possessing both flavonol synthase activity and flavanone 3-hydroxylase activity. Besides, other flavonol biosynthesis related genes were also investigated on their expression levels to give more clues on the mechanism. Substrate preferences of the three FLSs, substrate competitions between the FLSs and other flavonol biosynthesis related enzymes, and the greatly differential expression levels between F3’H (flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase) and F3’5’H (flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase) contributed to the flavonol constituent in the petals of America lotus, namely abundant quercetin-derivatives while very few kaempferol-derivatives and myricetin-derivatives. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T16:27:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f40093721f5d4a97ba9ade08b0252f8f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2468-0141 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T16:27:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticultural Plant Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-f40093721f5d4a97ba9ade08b0252f8f2023-02-09T04:14:40ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Horticultural Plant Journal2468-01412023-02-0191169182Quercetin-derivatives painting the yellow petals of American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) and enzymatic basis for their accumulationQingqing Liu0Dasheng Zhang1Fengluan Liu2Zhuoxing Liu3Xiaohan Wang4Yong Yang5Shanshan Li6Hanchun Li7Daike Tian8Liangsheng Wang9Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Corresponding authors. Tels.: +86 10 62836654; +86 21 57762652.Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Corresponding authors. Tels.: +86 10 62836654; +86 21 57762652.American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) is one of the two species in Nelumbo and has only yellow flower. Identification of total flavonoids showed wild American lotus contained almost only flavonols with quercetin 3-O-glucuronide to be the dominant pigment. The variation tendency of the total flavonol content was coincident with yellow color variation of petals during flower development. To understand the mechanism of accumulation and constituent of pigments in petals, three pivotal genes, NlFLS1, NlFLS2 and NlFLS3, which were predicted to encode flavonol synthases were isolated and characterized by analyses of basic bioinformatics, temporal and spatial expression patterns and enzymatic activity. Their temporal expression levels showed the same variation tendency, which was also consistent with the development-dependent variation of total flavonol content. Spatial expression patterns indicated the three genes should function in petals. All the three proteins were demonstrated to be bifunctional dioxygenase, possessing both flavonol synthase activity and flavanone 3-hydroxylase activity. Besides, other flavonol biosynthesis related genes were also investigated on their expression levels to give more clues on the mechanism. Substrate preferences of the three FLSs, substrate competitions between the FLSs and other flavonol biosynthesis related enzymes, and the greatly differential expression levels between F3’H (flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase) and F3’5’H (flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase) contributed to the flavonol constituent in the petals of America lotus, namely abundant quercetin-derivatives while very few kaempferol-derivatives and myricetin-derivatives.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246801412200019XLotusNelumboFlavonoidFlavonolQuercetin |
| spellingShingle | Qingqing Liu Dasheng Zhang Fengluan Liu Zhuoxing Liu Xiaohan Wang Yong Yang Shanshan Li Hanchun Li Daike Tian Liangsheng Wang Quercetin-derivatives painting the yellow petals of American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) and enzymatic basis for their accumulation Horticultural Plant Journal Lotus Nelumbo Flavonoid Flavonol Quercetin |
| title | Quercetin-derivatives painting the yellow petals of American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) and enzymatic basis for their accumulation |
| title_full | Quercetin-derivatives painting the yellow petals of American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) and enzymatic basis for their accumulation |
| title_fullStr | Quercetin-derivatives painting the yellow petals of American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) and enzymatic basis for their accumulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quercetin-derivatives painting the yellow petals of American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) and enzymatic basis for their accumulation |
| title_short | Quercetin-derivatives painting the yellow petals of American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) and enzymatic basis for their accumulation |
| title_sort | quercetin derivatives painting the yellow petals of american lotus nelumbo lutea and enzymatic basis for their accumulation |
| topic | Lotus Nelumbo Flavonoid Flavonol Quercetin |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246801412200019X |
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