Influence of Synthesis Conditions on the Properties of Zinc Oxide Obtained in the Presence of Nonionic Structure-Forming Compounds
This work investigated the influence of synthesis conditions, including the use of nonionic structure-forming compounds (surfactants) with different molecular weights (400–12,600 g/mol) and various hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics, as well as the use of a glass substrate and hydrothermal expo...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/18/2537 |
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| author | Viktor A. Valtsifer Anastasia V. Sivtseva Natalia B. Kondrashova Artem S. Shamsutdinov Anastasia S. Averkina Igor V. Valtsifer Irina N. Feklistova Vladimir N. Strelnikov |
| author_facet | Viktor A. Valtsifer Anastasia V. Sivtseva Natalia B. Kondrashova Artem S. Shamsutdinov Anastasia S. Averkina Igor V. Valtsifer Irina N. Feklistova Vladimir N. Strelnikov |
| author_sort | Viktor A. Valtsifer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work investigated the influence of synthesis conditions, including the use of nonionic structure-forming compounds (surfactants) with different molecular weights (400–12,600 g/mol) and various hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics, as well as the use of a glass substrate and hydrothermal exposure on the texture and structural properties of ZnO samples. By X-ray analysis, it was determined that the synthesis intermediate in all cases is the compound Zn<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>8</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>∙2H<sub>2</sub>O. It was shown that thermolysis of this compound at 600 °C, regardless of the physicochemical properties of the surfactants, leads to the formation of ZnO with a wurtzite structure and spherical or oval particles. The particle size increased slightly as the molecular weight and viscosity of the surfactants grew, from 30 nm using Pluronic F-127 (MM = 12,600) to 80 nm using Pluronic L-31 (MM = 1100), PE-block-PEG (MM = 500) and PEG (MM = 400). Holding the pre-washed synthetic intermediates (Zn<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>8</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>∙2H<sub>2</sub>O) under hydrothermal conditions resulted in the formation of hexagonal ZnO rod crystal structures of various sizes. It was shown that the largest ZnO particles (10–15 μm) were observed in a sample obtained during hydrothermal exposure using Pluronic P-123 (MM = 5800). Atomic adsorption spectroscopy performed comparative quantitative analysis of residual Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions in the supernatant of ZnO samples with different particle sizes and shapes. It was shown that the residual amount of Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions was higher in the case of examining ZnO samples which have spherical particles of 30–80 nm. For example, in the supernatant of a ZnO sample that had a particle size of 30 nm, the quantitative content of Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions was 10.22 mg/L. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:22:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f400d6316803450b8d8792ec466a87a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:22:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-f400d6316803450b8d8792ec466a87a42023-11-19T12:14:21ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912023-09-011318253710.3390/nano13182537Influence of Synthesis Conditions on the Properties of Zinc Oxide Obtained in the Presence of Nonionic Structure-Forming CompoundsViktor A. Valtsifer0Anastasia V. Sivtseva1Natalia B. Kondrashova2Artem S. Shamsutdinov3Anastasia S. Averkina4Igor V. Valtsifer5Irina N. Feklistova6Vladimir N. Strelnikov7Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, RussiaInstitute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, RussiaInstitute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, RussiaInstitute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, RussiaInstitute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, RussiaInstitute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, RussiaThe Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, 220045 Minsk, BelarusInstitute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, RussiaThis work investigated the influence of synthesis conditions, including the use of nonionic structure-forming compounds (surfactants) with different molecular weights (400–12,600 g/mol) and various hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics, as well as the use of a glass substrate and hydrothermal exposure on the texture and structural properties of ZnO samples. By X-ray analysis, it was determined that the synthesis intermediate in all cases is the compound Zn<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>8</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>∙2H<sub>2</sub>O. It was shown that thermolysis of this compound at 600 °C, regardless of the physicochemical properties of the surfactants, leads to the formation of ZnO with a wurtzite structure and spherical or oval particles. The particle size increased slightly as the molecular weight and viscosity of the surfactants grew, from 30 nm using Pluronic F-127 (MM = 12,600) to 80 nm using Pluronic L-31 (MM = 1100), PE-block-PEG (MM = 500) and PEG (MM = 400). Holding the pre-washed synthetic intermediates (Zn<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>8</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>∙2H<sub>2</sub>O) under hydrothermal conditions resulted in the formation of hexagonal ZnO rod crystal structures of various sizes. It was shown that the largest ZnO particles (10–15 μm) were observed in a sample obtained during hydrothermal exposure using Pluronic P-123 (MM = 5800). Atomic adsorption spectroscopy performed comparative quantitative analysis of residual Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions in the supernatant of ZnO samples with different particle sizes and shapes. It was shown that the residual amount of Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions was higher in the case of examining ZnO samples which have spherical particles of 30–80 nm. For example, in the supernatant of a ZnO sample that had a particle size of 30 nm, the quantitative content of Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions was 10.22 mg/L.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/18/2537ZnOhydrothermalsurfactantsmorphologyZn<sup>2+</sup> ion release |
| spellingShingle | Viktor A. Valtsifer Anastasia V. Sivtseva Natalia B. Kondrashova Artem S. Shamsutdinov Anastasia S. Averkina Igor V. Valtsifer Irina N. Feklistova Vladimir N. Strelnikov Influence of Synthesis Conditions on the Properties of Zinc Oxide Obtained in the Presence of Nonionic Structure-Forming Compounds Nanomaterials ZnO hydrothermal surfactants morphology Zn<sup>2+</sup> ion release |
| title | Influence of Synthesis Conditions on the Properties of Zinc Oxide Obtained in the Presence of Nonionic Structure-Forming Compounds |
| title_full | Influence of Synthesis Conditions on the Properties of Zinc Oxide Obtained in the Presence of Nonionic Structure-Forming Compounds |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Synthesis Conditions on the Properties of Zinc Oxide Obtained in the Presence of Nonionic Structure-Forming Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Synthesis Conditions on the Properties of Zinc Oxide Obtained in the Presence of Nonionic Structure-Forming Compounds |
| title_short | Influence of Synthesis Conditions on the Properties of Zinc Oxide Obtained in the Presence of Nonionic Structure-Forming Compounds |
| title_sort | influence of synthesis conditions on the properties of zinc oxide obtained in the presence of nonionic structure forming compounds |
| topic | ZnO hydrothermal surfactants morphology Zn<sup>2+</sup> ion release |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/18/2537 |
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