Effects of Inbreeding on Microbial Community Diversity of <i>Zea mays</i>
Heterosis, also known as hybrid vigor, is the basis of modern maize production. The effect of heterosis on maize phenotypes has been studied for decades, but its effect on the maize-associated microbiome is much less characterized. To determine the effect of heterosis on the maize microbiome, we seq...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/4/879 |
| _version_ | 1827744321730772992 |
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| author | Corey R. Schultz Matthew Johnson Jason G. Wallace |
| author_facet | Corey R. Schultz Matthew Johnson Jason G. Wallace |
| author_sort | Corey R. Schultz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heterosis, also known as hybrid vigor, is the basis of modern maize production. The effect of heterosis on maize phenotypes has been studied for decades, but its effect on the maize-associated microbiome is much less characterized. To determine the effect of heterosis on the maize microbiome, we sequenced and compared the bacterial communities of inbred, open pollinated, and hybrid maize. Samples covered three tissue types (stalk, root, and rhizosphere) in two field experiments and one greenhouse experiment. Bacterial diversity was more affected by location and tissue type than genetic background for both within-sample (alpha) and between-sample (beta) diversity. PERMANOVA analysis similarly showed that tissue type and location had significant effects on the overall community structure, whereas the intraspecies genetic background and individual plant genotypes did not. Differential abundance analysis identified only 25 bacterial ASVs that significantly differed between inbred and hybrid maize. Predicted metagenome content was inferred with Picrust2, and it also showed a significantly larger effect of tissue and location than genetic background. Overall, these results indicate that the bacterial communities of inbred and hybrid maize are often more similar than they are different and that non-genetic effects are generally the largest influences on the maize microbiome. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:44:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4020d4b2c6a443cbca08d6c2b6cf109 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:44:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4020d4b2c6a443cbca08d6c2b6cf1092023-11-17T20:31:50ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-03-0111487910.3390/microorganisms11040879Effects of Inbreeding on Microbial Community Diversity of <i>Zea mays</i>Corey R. Schultz0Matthew Johnson1Jason G. Wallace2Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USAPlant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USAPlant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USAHeterosis, also known as hybrid vigor, is the basis of modern maize production. The effect of heterosis on maize phenotypes has been studied for decades, but its effect on the maize-associated microbiome is much less characterized. To determine the effect of heterosis on the maize microbiome, we sequenced and compared the bacterial communities of inbred, open pollinated, and hybrid maize. Samples covered three tissue types (stalk, root, and rhizosphere) in two field experiments and one greenhouse experiment. Bacterial diversity was more affected by location and tissue type than genetic background for both within-sample (alpha) and between-sample (beta) diversity. PERMANOVA analysis similarly showed that tissue type and location had significant effects on the overall community structure, whereas the intraspecies genetic background and individual plant genotypes did not. Differential abundance analysis identified only 25 bacterial ASVs that significantly differed between inbred and hybrid maize. Predicted metagenome content was inferred with Picrust2, and it also showed a significantly larger effect of tissue and location than genetic background. Overall, these results indicate that the bacterial communities of inbred and hybrid maize are often more similar than they are different and that non-genetic effects are generally the largest influences on the maize microbiome.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/4/879maizemicrobiomeinbreedingheterosisgenetic variation |
| spellingShingle | Corey R. Schultz Matthew Johnson Jason G. Wallace Effects of Inbreeding on Microbial Community Diversity of <i>Zea mays</i> Microorganisms maize microbiome inbreeding heterosis genetic variation |
| title | Effects of Inbreeding on Microbial Community Diversity of <i>Zea mays</i> |
| title_full | Effects of Inbreeding on Microbial Community Diversity of <i>Zea mays</i> |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Inbreeding on Microbial Community Diversity of <i>Zea mays</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Inbreeding on Microbial Community Diversity of <i>Zea mays</i> |
| title_short | Effects of Inbreeding on Microbial Community Diversity of <i>Zea mays</i> |
| title_sort | effects of inbreeding on microbial community diversity of i zea mays i |
| topic | maize microbiome inbreeding heterosis genetic variation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/4/879 |
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