Proteomics for Early Detection of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Clinically Useful Urine Protein Biomarkers
Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men, and most cases are non-muscle-invasive. A high recurrence rate is a critical problem in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The availability of few urine tests hinders the effective detection of superficial and small bladder tumors. Cystoscopy...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/3/395 |
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| author | Jae-Hak Ahn Chan-Koo Kang Eun-Mee Kim Ah-Ram Kim Aram Kim |
| author_facet | Jae-Hak Ahn Chan-Koo Kang Eun-Mee Kim Ah-Ram Kim Aram Kim |
| author_sort | Jae-Hak Ahn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men, and most cases are non-muscle-invasive. A high recurrence rate is a critical problem in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The availability of few urine tests hinders the effective detection of superficial and small bladder tumors. Cystoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis; however, it is associated with urinary tract infections, hematuria, and pain. Early detection is imperative, as intervention influences recurrence. Therefore, urinary biomarkers need to be developed to detect these bladder cancers. Recently, several protein candidates in the urine have been identified as biomarkers. In the present narrative review, the current status of the development of urinary protein biomarkers, including FDA-approved biomarkers, is summarized. Additionally, contemporary proteomic technologies, such as antibody-based methods, mass-spectrometry-based methods, and machine-learning-based diagnosis, are reported. Furthermore, new strategies for the rapid and correct profiling of potential biomarkers of bladder cancer in urine are introduced, along with their limitations. The advantages of urinary protein biomarkers and the development of several related technologies are highlighted in this review. Moreover, an in-depth understanding of the scientific background and available protocols in research and clinical applications of the surveillance of non-muscle bladder cancer is provided. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:34:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f40967b470a3402b8a3221fa0cd73540 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:34:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f40967b470a3402b8a3221fa0cd735402023-11-30T21:14:06ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-03-0112339510.3390/life12030395Proteomics for Early Detection of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Clinically Useful Urine Protein BiomarkersJae-Hak Ahn0Chan-Koo Kang1Eun-Mee Kim2Ah-Ram Kim3Aram Kim4Department of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, KoreaDepartment of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeongbuk, KoreaDepartment of Emergency Medical Technology, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan 31172, Chungcheongnam-do, KoreaDepartment of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeongbuk, KoreaDepartment of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, KoreaBladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men, and most cases are non-muscle-invasive. A high recurrence rate is a critical problem in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The availability of few urine tests hinders the effective detection of superficial and small bladder tumors. Cystoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis; however, it is associated with urinary tract infections, hematuria, and pain. Early detection is imperative, as intervention influences recurrence. Therefore, urinary biomarkers need to be developed to detect these bladder cancers. Recently, several protein candidates in the urine have been identified as biomarkers. In the present narrative review, the current status of the development of urinary protein biomarkers, including FDA-approved biomarkers, is summarized. Additionally, contemporary proteomic technologies, such as antibody-based methods, mass-spectrometry-based methods, and machine-learning-based diagnosis, are reported. Furthermore, new strategies for the rapid and correct profiling of potential biomarkers of bladder cancer in urine are introduced, along with their limitations. The advantages of urinary protein biomarkers and the development of several related technologies are highlighted in this review. Moreover, an in-depth understanding of the scientific background and available protocols in research and clinical applications of the surveillance of non-muscle bladder cancer is provided.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/3/395bladder cancerproteomicsurinebiomarker |
| spellingShingle | Jae-Hak Ahn Chan-Koo Kang Eun-Mee Kim Ah-Ram Kim Aram Kim Proteomics for Early Detection of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Clinically Useful Urine Protein Biomarkers Life bladder cancer proteomics urine biomarker |
| title | Proteomics for Early Detection of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Clinically Useful Urine Protein Biomarkers |
| title_full | Proteomics for Early Detection of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Clinically Useful Urine Protein Biomarkers |
| title_fullStr | Proteomics for Early Detection of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Clinically Useful Urine Protein Biomarkers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Proteomics for Early Detection of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Clinically Useful Urine Protein Biomarkers |
| title_short | Proteomics for Early Detection of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Clinically Useful Urine Protein Biomarkers |
| title_sort | proteomics for early detection of non muscle invasive bladder cancer clinically useful urine protein biomarkers |
| topic | bladder cancer proteomics urine biomarker |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/3/395 |
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