A Framework for Integrating Life-Safety and Environmental Consequences into Conventional Arctic Shipping Risk Models
The International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) was adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and entered into force on 1 January 2017. It provides a comprehensive treatment of topics relevant to ships operating in Polar regions. From a design perspective, in s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-04-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/8/2937 |
| _version_ | 1797569817383796736 |
|---|---|
| author | Thomas Browne Rocky Taylor Brian Veitch Pentti Kujala Faisal Khan Doug Smith |
| author_facet | Thomas Browne Rocky Taylor Brian Veitch Pentti Kujala Faisal Khan Doug Smith |
| author_sort | Thomas Browne |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) was adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and entered into force on 1 January 2017. It provides a comprehensive treatment of topics relevant to ships operating in Polar regions. From a design perspective, in scenarios where ice exposure and the consequences of ice-induced damage are the same, it is rational to require the same ice class and structural performance for such vessels. Design requirements for different ice class vessels are provided in the Polar Code. The Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System (POLARIS) methodology provided in the Polar Code offers valuable guidance regarding operational limits for ice class vessels in different ice conditions. POLARIS has been shown to well reflect structural risk, and serves as a valuable decision support tool for operations and route planning. At the same time, the current POLARIS methodology does not directly account for the potential consequences resulting from a vessel incurring ice-induced damage. While two vessels of the same ice class operating in the same ice conditions would have similar structural risk profiles, the overall risk profile of each vessel will depend on the magnitude of consequences, should an incident or accident occur. In this paper, a new framework is presented that augments the current POLARIS methodology to model consequences. It has been developed on the premise that vessels of a given class with higher potential life-safety, environmental, or socio-economic consequences should be operated more conservatively. The framework supports voyage planning and real-time operational decision making through assignment of operational criteria based on the likelihood of ice-induced damage and the potential consequences. The objective of this framework is to enhance the safety of passengers and crews and the protection of the Arctic environment and its stakeholders. The challenges associated with establishing risk perspectives and evaluating consequences for Arctic ship operations are discussed. This methodology proposes a pragmatic pathway to link ongoing scientific research with risk-based methods to help inform recommended practices and decision support tools. Example scenarios are considered to illustrate the flexibility of the methodology in accounting for varied risk profiles for different vessel types, as well as incorporating input from local communities and risk and environmental impact assessments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:16:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4100ece951140eb9e2f58e0be769208 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:16:56Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4100ece951140eb9e2f58e0be7692082023-11-19T22:33:03ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-04-01108293710.3390/app10082937A Framework for Integrating Life-Safety and Environmental Consequences into Conventional Arctic Shipping Risk ModelsThomas Browne0Rocky Taylor1Brian Veitch2Pentti Kujala3Faisal Khan4Doug Smith5Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, CanadaFaculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, CanadaFaculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, CanadaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, FinlandFaculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, CanadaFaculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, CanadaThe International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) was adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and entered into force on 1 January 2017. It provides a comprehensive treatment of topics relevant to ships operating in Polar regions. From a design perspective, in scenarios where ice exposure and the consequences of ice-induced damage are the same, it is rational to require the same ice class and structural performance for such vessels. Design requirements for different ice class vessels are provided in the Polar Code. The Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System (POLARIS) methodology provided in the Polar Code offers valuable guidance regarding operational limits for ice class vessels in different ice conditions. POLARIS has been shown to well reflect structural risk, and serves as a valuable decision support tool for operations and route planning. At the same time, the current POLARIS methodology does not directly account for the potential consequences resulting from a vessel incurring ice-induced damage. While two vessels of the same ice class operating in the same ice conditions would have similar structural risk profiles, the overall risk profile of each vessel will depend on the magnitude of consequences, should an incident or accident occur. In this paper, a new framework is presented that augments the current POLARIS methodology to model consequences. It has been developed on the premise that vessels of a given class with higher potential life-safety, environmental, or socio-economic consequences should be operated more conservatively. The framework supports voyage planning and real-time operational decision making through assignment of operational criteria based on the likelihood of ice-induced damage and the potential consequences. The objective of this framework is to enhance the safety of passengers and crews and the protection of the Arctic environment and its stakeholders. The challenges associated with establishing risk perspectives and evaluating consequences for Arctic ship operations are discussed. This methodology proposes a pragmatic pathway to link ongoing scientific research with risk-based methods to help inform recommended practices and decision support tools. Example scenarios are considered to illustrate the flexibility of the methodology in accounting for varied risk profiles for different vessel types, as well as incorporating input from local communities and risk and environmental impact assessments.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/8/2937arctic shippingPOLARISrisk assessmentconsequence modelinglife-safetyenvironmental safety |
| spellingShingle | Thomas Browne Rocky Taylor Brian Veitch Pentti Kujala Faisal Khan Doug Smith A Framework for Integrating Life-Safety and Environmental Consequences into Conventional Arctic Shipping Risk Models Applied Sciences arctic shipping POLARIS risk assessment consequence modeling life-safety environmental safety |
| title | A Framework for Integrating Life-Safety and Environmental Consequences into Conventional Arctic Shipping Risk Models |
| title_full | A Framework for Integrating Life-Safety and Environmental Consequences into Conventional Arctic Shipping Risk Models |
| title_fullStr | A Framework for Integrating Life-Safety and Environmental Consequences into Conventional Arctic Shipping Risk Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Framework for Integrating Life-Safety and Environmental Consequences into Conventional Arctic Shipping Risk Models |
| title_short | A Framework for Integrating Life-Safety and Environmental Consequences into Conventional Arctic Shipping Risk Models |
| title_sort | framework for integrating life safety and environmental consequences into conventional arctic shipping risk models |
| topic | arctic shipping POLARIS risk assessment consequence modeling life-safety environmental safety |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/8/2937 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thomasbrowne aframeworkforintegratinglifesafetyandenvironmentalconsequencesintoconventionalarcticshippingriskmodels AT rockytaylor aframeworkforintegratinglifesafetyandenvironmentalconsequencesintoconventionalarcticshippingriskmodels AT brianveitch aframeworkforintegratinglifesafetyandenvironmentalconsequencesintoconventionalarcticshippingriskmodels AT penttikujala aframeworkforintegratinglifesafetyandenvironmentalconsequencesintoconventionalarcticshippingriskmodels AT faisalkhan aframeworkforintegratinglifesafetyandenvironmentalconsequencesintoconventionalarcticshippingriskmodels AT dougsmith aframeworkforintegratinglifesafetyandenvironmentalconsequencesintoconventionalarcticshippingriskmodels AT thomasbrowne frameworkforintegratinglifesafetyandenvironmentalconsequencesintoconventionalarcticshippingriskmodels AT rockytaylor frameworkforintegratinglifesafetyandenvironmentalconsequencesintoconventionalarcticshippingriskmodels AT brianveitch frameworkforintegratinglifesafetyandenvironmentalconsequencesintoconventionalarcticshippingriskmodels AT penttikujala frameworkforintegratinglifesafetyandenvironmentalconsequencesintoconventionalarcticshippingriskmodels AT faisalkhan frameworkforintegratinglifesafetyandenvironmentalconsequencesintoconventionalarcticshippingriskmodels AT dougsmith frameworkforintegratinglifesafetyandenvironmentalconsequencesintoconventionalarcticshippingriskmodels |