Protective Effect of Glycomacropeptide on the Inflammatory Response of U937 Macrophages
Macrophages play crucial roles in inflammation and oxidative stress associated with noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a bioactive peptide derived from milk κ-casein that contains abundant sialic acid and has shown anti-inflamm...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/7/1528 |
| _version_ | 1797607991432708096 |
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| author | Laura Elena Córdova-Dávalos Daniel Cervantes-García Maria Fernanda Ballona-Alba Alejandra Santos-López Alma Saraí Esquivel-Basaldúa Pamela Gallegos-Alcalá Mariela Jiménez Eva Salinas |
| author_facet | Laura Elena Córdova-Dávalos Daniel Cervantes-García Maria Fernanda Ballona-Alba Alejandra Santos-López Alma Saraí Esquivel-Basaldúa Pamela Gallegos-Alcalá Mariela Jiménez Eva Salinas |
| author_sort | Laura Elena Córdova-Dávalos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Macrophages play crucial roles in inflammation and oxidative stress associated with noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a bioactive peptide derived from milk κ-casein that contains abundant sialic acid and has shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic properties when is orally administered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GMP on the regulation of the inflammatory response in human macrophages and the participation of sialic acid in this activity. GMP pretreatment decreased by 35%, 35%, and 49% the production of nitrites, interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, respectively, in activated human macrophages U937. The same effect was obtained when cells were pretreated with asialo GMP, and no change on the gene expression of the lectins associated with the recognition of sialic acids, <i>SIGLEC5</i>, <i>7,</i> and <i>9,</i> was induced by GMP on macrophages, which suggests that sialic acid might not be involved in this immunoregulatory effect. Interestingly, GMP increased 8.9- and 3.5-fold the gene expression of the canonical anti-inflammatory protein <i>SOCS3</i> and the antioxidant enzyme <i>HMOX1</i>, respectively, in U937 cells. Thus, GMP exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities on activated macrophages in a sialic acid-independent manner, which might be related to its in vivo reported bioactivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:37:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f4189f9a871e4caaae19f6dfc9695876 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:37:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-f4189f9a871e4caaae19f6dfc96958762023-11-17T16:42:32ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-04-01127152810.3390/foods12071528Protective Effect of Glycomacropeptide on the Inflammatory Response of U937 MacrophagesLaura Elena Córdova-Dávalos0Daniel Cervantes-García1Maria Fernanda Ballona-Alba2Alejandra Santos-López3Alma Saraí Esquivel-Basaldúa4Pamela Gallegos-Alcalá5Mariela Jiménez6Eva Salinas7Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Aguascalientes 20100, MexicoLaboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Aguascalientes 20100, MexicoLaboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Aguascalientes 20100, MexicoLaboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Aguascalientes 20100, MexicoLaboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Aguascalientes 20100, MexicoLaboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Aguascalientes 20100, MexicoLaboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Aguascalientes 20100, MexicoLaboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Science, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad # 940, Aguascalientes 20100, MexicoMacrophages play crucial roles in inflammation and oxidative stress associated with noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a bioactive peptide derived from milk κ-casein that contains abundant sialic acid and has shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic properties when is orally administered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GMP on the regulation of the inflammatory response in human macrophages and the participation of sialic acid in this activity. GMP pretreatment decreased by 35%, 35%, and 49% the production of nitrites, interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, respectively, in activated human macrophages U937. The same effect was obtained when cells were pretreated with asialo GMP, and no change on the gene expression of the lectins associated with the recognition of sialic acids, <i>SIGLEC5</i>, <i>7,</i> and <i>9,</i> was induced by GMP on macrophages, which suggests that sialic acid might not be involved in this immunoregulatory effect. Interestingly, GMP increased 8.9- and 3.5-fold the gene expression of the canonical anti-inflammatory protein <i>SOCS3</i> and the antioxidant enzyme <i>HMOX1</i>, respectively, in U937 cells. Thus, GMP exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities on activated macrophages in a sialic acid-independent manner, which might be related to its in vivo reported bioactivity.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/7/1528glycomacropeptidesialic acidhuman macrophageinflammationoxidative stressSOCS3 |
| spellingShingle | Laura Elena Córdova-Dávalos Daniel Cervantes-García Maria Fernanda Ballona-Alba Alejandra Santos-López Alma Saraí Esquivel-Basaldúa Pamela Gallegos-Alcalá Mariela Jiménez Eva Salinas Protective Effect of Glycomacropeptide on the Inflammatory Response of U937 Macrophages Foods glycomacropeptide sialic acid human macrophage inflammation oxidative stress SOCS3 |
| title | Protective Effect of Glycomacropeptide on the Inflammatory Response of U937 Macrophages |
| title_full | Protective Effect of Glycomacropeptide on the Inflammatory Response of U937 Macrophages |
| title_fullStr | Protective Effect of Glycomacropeptide on the Inflammatory Response of U937 Macrophages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective Effect of Glycomacropeptide on the Inflammatory Response of U937 Macrophages |
| title_short | Protective Effect of Glycomacropeptide on the Inflammatory Response of U937 Macrophages |
| title_sort | protective effect of glycomacropeptide on the inflammatory response of u937 macrophages |
| topic | glycomacropeptide sialic acid human macrophage inflammation oxidative stress SOCS3 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/7/1528 |
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