| Summary: | The relation between microchimerism and allograft tolerance is still a mystery. In this study we determined the presence of peripheral blood microchimerism (PBMC) in female renal transplant recipients from living male donors with second round polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Second round PCR was used to find Y chromocome products. The degree of PBMC in renal transplant recipinents must be below the rate of 1.104 and second round PCR provides the deterction of PBMC at the rate of 1.106. we divided our patients into two groups according to allograft function. Group 1 (16 patients) and normal allograft function. Group 2 (6 patients) had chronic allograft dysfunction. First PCR didn’t show PBMC. Second round PCR with SRY primers of Y chromosome showed PBMC in 13.22 (59%) of patients. PMBC was positive in 10.016 (62%) of patients in-group 1 and 3.6 (50%) of patients in group 2. There was acute rejection in 4.13 (30.7%) and 2.9 (22.2%) of patients with positive and negative PBMC, respectively, in our study, there was no significant correlation between the presence of PBMC and allograft function and the frequency or severity of rejection episodes.
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