| Summary: | This review focuses upon the use of nitroso Diels−Alder reactions as a structural complexity generating reaction that has been so far a quite scarcely treated topic, despite its potential. In particular, the use of <i>N</i>-acyl-1,2-dihydropyridines as a non-symmetrical diene component in nitroso Diels−Alder reactions encompasses an initial diversification of pathways giving rise to different cycloadducts (direct and inverse). Selective elaborations of these cycloadducts, basically using a reagent-based approach, deliver a discrete number of structurally diverse compounds, including some original heterobicyclic scaffolds and functionalized heterocycles. This forward synthetic planning allowed the individuation of a new biologically active compound based on a novel oxadiaza-bicyclic-[3.3.1]-nonene scaffold which is still under preclinical evaluation.
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