Characterization of soybean chitinase genes induced by rhizobacteria involved in the defense against Fusarium oxysporum
Rhizobacteria are capable of inducing defense responses via the expression of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins) such as chitinases, and many studies have validated the functions of plant chitinases in defense responses. Soybean (Glycine max) is an economically important crop worldwide, but...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1341181/full |
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author | Jheng-Yan Chen Hyunkyu Sang Martin I. Chilvers Chih-Hang Wu Hao-Xun Chang Hao-Xun Chang Hao-Xun Chang |
author_facet | Jheng-Yan Chen Hyunkyu Sang Martin I. Chilvers Chih-Hang Wu Hao-Xun Chang Hao-Xun Chang Hao-Xun Chang |
author_sort | Jheng-Yan Chen |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Rhizobacteria are capable of inducing defense responses via the expression of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins) such as chitinases, and many studies have validated the functions of plant chitinases in defense responses. Soybean (Glycine max) is an economically important crop worldwide, but the functional validation of soybean chitinase in defense responses remains limited. In this study, genome-wide characterization of soybean chitinases was conducted, and the defense contribution of three chitinases (GmChi01, GmChi02, or GmChi16) was validated in Arabidopsis transgenic lines against the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Compared to the Arabidopsis Col-0 and empty vector controls, the transgenic lines with GmChi02 or GmChi16 exhibited fewer chlorosis symptoms and wilting. While GmChi02 and GmChi16 enhanced defense to F. oxysporum, GmChi02 was the only one significantly induced by Burkholderia ambifaria. The observation indicated that plant chitinases may be induced by different rhizobacteria for defense responses. The survey of 37 soybean chitinase gene expressions in response to six rhizobacteria observed diverse inducibility, where only 10 genes were significantly upregulated by at least one rhizobacterium and 9 genes did not respond to any of the rhizobacteria. Motif analysis on soybean promoters further identified not only consensus but also rhizobacterium-specific transcription factor-binding sites for the inducible chitinase genes. Collectively, these results confirmed the involvement of GmChi02 and GmChi16 in defense enhancement and highlighted the diverse inducibility of 37 soybean chitinases encountering F. oxysporum and six rhizobacteria. |
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language | English |
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spelling | doaj.art-f42c8f59d0224d3494b05621fe7cfc002024-02-09T10:02:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2024-02-011510.3389/fpls.2024.13411811341181Characterization of soybean chitinase genes induced by rhizobacteria involved in the defense against Fusarium oxysporumJheng-Yan Chen0Hyunkyu Sang1Martin I. Chilvers2Chih-Hang Wu3Hao-Xun Chang4Hao-Xun Chang5Hao-Xun Chang6Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United StatesInstitute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanMaster Program of Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanCenter of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanRhizobacteria are capable of inducing defense responses via the expression of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins) such as chitinases, and many studies have validated the functions of plant chitinases in defense responses. Soybean (Glycine max) is an economically important crop worldwide, but the functional validation of soybean chitinase in defense responses remains limited. In this study, genome-wide characterization of soybean chitinases was conducted, and the defense contribution of three chitinases (GmChi01, GmChi02, or GmChi16) was validated in Arabidopsis transgenic lines against the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Compared to the Arabidopsis Col-0 and empty vector controls, the transgenic lines with GmChi02 or GmChi16 exhibited fewer chlorosis symptoms and wilting. While GmChi02 and GmChi16 enhanced defense to F. oxysporum, GmChi02 was the only one significantly induced by Burkholderia ambifaria. The observation indicated that plant chitinases may be induced by different rhizobacteria for defense responses. The survey of 37 soybean chitinase gene expressions in response to six rhizobacteria observed diverse inducibility, where only 10 genes were significantly upregulated by at least one rhizobacterium and 9 genes did not respond to any of the rhizobacteria. Motif analysis on soybean promoters further identified not only consensus but also rhizobacterium-specific transcription factor-binding sites for the inducible chitinase genes. Collectively, these results confirmed the involvement of GmChi02 and GmChi16 in defense enhancement and highlighted the diverse inducibility of 37 soybean chitinases encountering F. oxysporum and six rhizobacteria.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1341181/fullBacillus amyloliquefaciensBradyrhizobium japonicumBurkholderia ambifariaLysobacter enzymogenesPseudomonas fluorescensRhizobium rhizogenes |
spellingShingle | Jheng-Yan Chen Hyunkyu Sang Martin I. Chilvers Chih-Hang Wu Hao-Xun Chang Hao-Xun Chang Hao-Xun Chang Characterization of soybean chitinase genes induced by rhizobacteria involved in the defense against Fusarium oxysporum Frontiers in Plant Science Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bradyrhizobium japonicum Burkholderia ambifaria Lysobacter enzymogenes Pseudomonas fluorescens Rhizobium rhizogenes |
title | Characterization of soybean chitinase genes induced by rhizobacteria involved in the defense against Fusarium oxysporum |
title_full | Characterization of soybean chitinase genes induced by rhizobacteria involved in the defense against Fusarium oxysporum |
title_fullStr | Characterization of soybean chitinase genes induced by rhizobacteria involved in the defense against Fusarium oxysporum |
title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of soybean chitinase genes induced by rhizobacteria involved in the defense against Fusarium oxysporum |
title_short | Characterization of soybean chitinase genes induced by rhizobacteria involved in the defense against Fusarium oxysporum |
title_sort | characterization of soybean chitinase genes induced by rhizobacteria involved in the defense against fusarium oxysporum |
topic | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bradyrhizobium japonicum Burkholderia ambifaria Lysobacter enzymogenes Pseudomonas fluorescens Rhizobium rhizogenes |
url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1341181/full |
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